H7676. shabbath

שַׁבָּת‎₁₁₁ noun feminine^{Ex 31:41+} and masculine^{Isa 66:2, 6} (under influence of יוֺם‎ in frequent הַשּׁ ׳יוֺם‎, Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 47}) sabbath ( = ת‎ + שׁבת‎; Late Hebrew שַׁבָּת‎, Aramaic שַׁבְּתָא‎, ; perhaps Assyrian šabattum (||um nu— libbi, day of rest of heart (i.e. propitiation) [of deity]: only in lexical Tablets); compare Lotz^{Quaest. de hist. Sabbati, 1883} Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 274 ff.} (doubts connection of Assyrian word with Hebrew Sabbath) Id^{S. S. Times, Jan. 16, 1892, 35 f.} Muss-Arn^{JBL xi (1892), 93} Schw^{Idioticon 127}; see (more recently) Jastr^{Amos. J. Theol. ii (1898), 332 ff.} Toy^{TBL xviii (1899), 190 ff.} Dr^{Hast. DB SABBATH (1902)} Zim^{KAT 3. 592 ff.; ZMG 1904, 199 ff.} [15th day of month so called]^458ff.); — absolute ׳שׁ‎ Exod 16:25 64t.; construct שַׁבַּת‎ 16:23 10t.; suffix שַׁבַּתּוֺ‎ Num 28:10 3t. suffix; plural שַׁבָּתוֺת‎ Lev 23:15 7t.; construct שַׁבְּתתֹ‎ 23:38; 25:3, 8; suffix שַׁבְּתוֺתַי‎ Isa 56:4 +, etc.; —

1 sabbath:

a. primitive ׳שׁ ליהוה‎ Exod 16:25 (J), 20:10 = Deut 5:14 (ten words) Lev 23:3 (P); ׳הַשּׁ‎ Exod 16:29 (J); שׁ ׳הַשְּׁבִיעִי בַּיוֺם‎ 16:26 (J); on seventh day הַשַּׁבָּת יוֺם‎ 20:8, 11 = Deut 5:12, 15 (ten words), so throughout; Exod 31:15 3t. P, Jer 17:21; Ezek 46:4; Neh 10:32 9t., + (|| new moon) Isa 1:13; Ezek 46:1; 2Kin 4:23; Amos 8:5, compare Isa 66:23 (twice in verse), also חג‎ and מועד‎ Hosea 2:13; time of change of watch in temple 2Kin 11:5, 7, 9 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 23:4, 8 (twice in verse); ׳הַשּׁ מיסך‎ (in temple) 2Kin 16:18; originally observed simply by abstinence from labour Exod 20:9-10, = Deut 5:12-14; Exod 23:12 (E), 34:21 (J; Br^{Hex. 181-195}).

b. Deuteronomic reason for day is deliverance from Egypt Deut 5:15, hence its consecration, לְקַדְּשׁוֺ‎ 5:12 = Exod 20:8; השׁ יום ׳קדּשׁ‎ Jer 17:22, 24, 27 (especially no load carried), Ezek 20:20; 44:24.

c. intensified by anith. שׁ ׳חלּל‎ Ezek 20:13 5t. Ezekiel; compare Neh 13:18. Phrases in H: (ה)שׁ ׳שׁמר‎ Lev 19:3, 10; 26:2, then P Exod 31:13-14, 16; compare Isa 56:2, 4, 6; י ׳קדושׁ קָדְשִׁי, יוֺם‎: 58:13 (twice in verse) (with כבּד‎). H also שַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶם‎ Lev 26:35; הַשּׁ ׳מִמָּחֳרַת‎ 23:11, 15, 16; שַׁבְּתוֺתַי‎ 19:3, 30; 26:2; Isa 56:4; Ezek 20:12; 22:26, +8 t. Ezekiel; || מוֺעֵד‎ Lam 2:6.

d. P gives as basis God's resting Exod 20:11; 31:17; י ׳שׁבתות‎ Lev 23:38; ליהוה ׳שׁ קדשׁ‎ Exod 16:23, compare Neh 9:14, ׳שׁ שׁבתון‎ Exod 31:15; 35:2; Lev 23:3; השׁ ׳עשׂה‎ Exod 31:16, שׁ ׳עֹלַת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֺ‎ Num 28:10, compare Isa 66:23; הַשּׁ ׳בְּיוֺם הַשּׁ ׳בְּיוֺם‎ Lev 24:8 on every sabbath, abbreviation שַׁבָּת שַׁבַּת‎ 1Chr 9:32; לַשַּׁבָּתוֺת‎ || חֳדָשִׁים‎ + מועדים‎ 23:31 3t. Chronicles, Neh 10:34 (ל‎ omitted by error); work punished by stoning Num 15:32, 36; trade prohibited Neh 10:32; 13:15-21.

2 day of atonement is a שַׁבָּתוֺן שַׁבַּת‎ Lev 16:31; 23:32 (P), compare שַׁבָּת שָׁבַת‎ 23:32 (P).

3 sabbath year, שַׁבָּתוֺן שַׁבַּת‎ Lev 25:4 (H); ליהוה שַׁבָּת‎ 25:2; 25:4 (H), (הארץׅ רצה שַׁבְּתוֺתֶיהָ‎ 26:34 (twice in verse); 26:43 (H), 2Chr 36:21.

4 = week(?): שַׁבָּתוֺת שֶׁבַע‎ Lev 23:15 (H), seven sabbaths or weeks; (ה)שָּׁנִים שַׁבְּתתֹ שֶׁבַע‎ 25:8; Lev 28:8 (H) seven sabbaths or weeks (of years), uncertain (see Mark 16:2, 9; Luke 18:12; Matt 28:1, compare Jewish-Aramaic usage); possibly שַׁבָּת‎ Isa 66:23 = week (Du).

5 הָאָ֫רֶץ שַׁבַּת‎ Lev 25:6 (H) = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself).

詞類次數：名詞（111）

原文字根：停止；相當於G372（ἀνάπαυσις） G2663（κατάπαυσις）

字義溯源：休息，安息，安息日，守，守安息，安息年；這字是（H7673（שָׁבַת‎）*=安息）的加強形式

出現次數：總共（111）；出（15）；利（25）；民（4）；申（3）；王下（6）；代上（3）；代下（7）；尼（14）；詩（1）；賽（8）；耶（7）；哀（1）；結（15）；何（1）；摩（1）

譯字彙編：

1）安息日（33）出16:23；出20:10；出31:13；出31:15；出31:16；出31:16；利16:31；利19:3；利19:30；利23:3；利23:3；利23:15；利23:32；利23:38；利26:2；民28:10；申5:14；王下4:23；代上9:32；尼9:14；尼13:18；賽56:2；賽56:4；賽56:6；賽58:13；賽66:23；賽66:23；結20:13；結20:16；結20:21；結20:24；結22:8；結23:38；

2）（那）安息日（28）出16:29；出31:14；出31:15；利23:11；利23:15；利23:16；利24:8；利24:8；民28:9；申5:12；申5:15；王下11:7；代下2:4；代下8:13；代下23:4；代下31:3；尼10:31；尼10:31；尼10:33；尼13:15；尼13:16；尼13:19；尼13:19；尼13:21；尼13:22；賽58:13；結46:1；摩8:5；

3）（那）安息（15）出20:8；出35:3；民15:32；尼13:15；尼13:19；詩92:0；耶17:21；耶17:22；耶17:22；耶17:24；耶17:24；耶17:27；耶17:27；結46:4；結46:12；

4）安息（10）利25:2；利25:4；利25:4；利25:8；利25:8；利26:34；利26:34；利26:43；代下36:21；尼13:17；

5）我的安息日（4）結20:12；結20:20；結22:26；結44:24；

6）（那些）安息日（3）代上23:31；結45:17；結46:3；

7）在那安息日（2）王下11:5；王下11:9；

8）（那）在安息日（2）代下23:8；代下23:8；

9）和安息日（2）賽1:13；哀2:6；

10）她的安息日（1）何2:11；

11）為那安息日（1）王下16:18；

12）那安息日（1）王下11:9；

13）每（1）代上9:32；

14）你們的安息中（1）利26:35；

15）是安息日（1）出16:26；

16）守安息（1）出16:25；

17）那安息（1）出20:11；

18）守為（1）出35:2；

19）安息年（1）利25:6；

20）你們的安息日（1）利23:32；

21）每一（1）民28:10