H2320. chodesh

I. חֹ֫דֶשׁ‎₂₈₂ noun masculine^{Gen 7:11} (feminine ᵑ0‎ 38:24 but masculine Sam Di) (newness), new moon, month (on formation compare Lg^{BN 144}; on usage, names, etc., Muss-Arn^{JBL 1892, 72 ff., 160 ff.}) — ׳ח‎ absolute 7:11 +; construct (rare) 29:14 +; suffix חָדְשׁוֺ‎ Num 28:14 2t.; חָדְשָׁהּ‎ Hosea 2:13; Jer 2:24; plural חֳדָשִׁים‎ Gen 38:24 +; construct חָדְשֵׁי‎ Exod 12:2 2t.; suffix חֳדָשָׁיו‎ Job 14:5 2t.; חָדְשֵׁיכֶם‎ Isa 1:14; Num 28:11; חָדְשֵׁכֶם‎ 10:10; —

1 new moon = day, time, of new moon, as religious festival 1Sam 20:5, 18, 24, 27, 34 (Dr); compare ח ׳יאֹכְלֵם‎ Hosea 5:7 a new moon shall devour them, Hi St VB, but on text see We; usually || שַׁבָּת‎ Amos 8:5; 2Kin 4:23; Isa 1:13 (+ מִקְרָא קְרֹא‎), בְּחָדְשׁוֺ חֹדֶשׁ מִדֵּי‎ 66:23, Ezek 46:1, 6 (both הַח ׳יוֺם‎), 1Chr 23:31; 2Chr 2:3; 8:13; 31:3; Neh 10:34 (all + מוֺעֵד‎), Hosea 2:13; Ezek 45:17 (both + מועד חג,‎); || מוֺעֵד‎ alone Isa 1:14; Ezek 3:5; || חַגֵּנוּ יוֺם‎ Psa 81:4; (compare הַח ׳ראֹשׁ‎ Num 10:10; 28:11; on religious observance of new moon compare Di^{Lv p. 578 f} Benz^{Archäol. § 69}); as time of augury in Babylon (astrological prognostication) Isa 47:13.

2 month (as beginning with new moon, lunar month; compare Benz^{Archäol. § 30}, but then, without reference to day of beginning);

a. as measure of time during which Gen 38:24 (J), Num 11:20-21, (JE), 9:22 (P), Judg 11:37-38, 39; 20:47; 1Sam 6:1; 27:7; 2Sam 2:11; 5:5; 6:11; 24:8, 13 = 1Chr 21:12; Amos 4:7; 1Kin 4:7; 5:7; 1 Kings 5:28 (3 t. in verse); 11:16; 2Kin 15:8; 23:31; 24:8; Ezek 39:12, 14; 1Chr 3:4; 13:14; 2Chr 36:2, 9; Est 2:12 (3 t. in verse). In 1Sam 10:27b read probably כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ‎ for כמחרישׁ ᵑ0‎, and join to 11:1, so ᵐ5‎ We Dr (compare Gen 38:24); in combinations, ׳ח יָמִים‎ a month (of) time (compare ימים יֶרַח‎ Deut 21:1; 2Kin 15:13) Gen 29:14 (J), Num 11:20, 26 (JE), ח ארבעה ׳ימים‎ Judg 19:2; of age ׳מִסְמַּרחֿ‎ number of his months =length of his life Job 14:5; 21:21; compare especially ׳בֶּןחֿ‎ Lev 27:6; Num 3:15, 22, 28, 34, 39, 40, 43; 18:16; 26:22 (all P).

b. calendar months, (1) with names ׳ח הָאָבִיב‎ Exod 13:4; 23:15; 34:18 (twice in verse) (all J E; = 1st month 12:2 P), Deut 16:11; ׳ח זִו‎ 1Kin 6:1 ( = 2nd mo. ib.; = זִו יֶרַח‎ 6:37); compare 8:2 (׳הַח הַשְּׁבִיעִי‎ = הָאֵתָנִים יֶרַךְ‎), 6:38 (׳הַח הַשְּׁמִינִי‎ = בּוּל יֶרַח‎); in the post-exilic books occur Babylonian names (see the several words): — ׳ח נִיסָן‎ Neh 2:1; Est 3:7 ( = 1st mo. 3:7); ׳ח סִיוָן‎ 8:9 = 3rd mo.; ׳ח כִּסְלֵו‎ Zech 7:1; Neh 1:1 ( = 9th mo. Zech 7:1); ׳ח טֵבֵ֑ת‎ Est 2:16 = 10th mo.; ׳ח שְׁבָט‎ Zech 1:7 = 11th mo.; ׳ח אֲדָר‎ Est 3:7, 13; 8:12; 9:1 in all = 12th mo., 9:15, 17, 19, 21; (compare also אֱלוּל‎ Neh 6:15, without ׳ח‎ or יֶרַךְ‎; this was 6th mo.; see further Schr^{COT 1:1} Benz^l.c.). (2) merely numbered (chiefly P and late) e.g. ׳בַּח הַשֵּׁנִי‎ Gen 7:11, compare 8:4-5, 14; Lev 16:29; Num 1:1, 18 (all P) + often P; Deut 1:3 (P), 1Kin 12:32; 12:33; 1Ki 25:1; 1Ki 25:3; 1Ki 25:8; 1Ki 25:25; 1Ki 25:27; Jer 1:3 11t. Jeremiah; Ezek 24:1; 32:1; Hag 1:1, 15; Zech 1:1; 7:1, 13; 1Chr 12:15, compare entire list 27:2-15; 2Chr 3:2 12t. 2 Chronicles; Ezra 3:1 10t. Ezra; Neh 7:72; 8:2, 14; Est 3:12; note especially ׳הַח לָכֶם הוּא רִאשׁוֺן חָדָשִׁ֑ים ראֹשׁ לָכֶם הַזֶּה‎ Exod 12:2 (P), as implying that the 1st mo. was formerly not in the spring; observe also usage of omitting ׳ח‎, e.g. בָּרִאשׁוֺן‎ = ׳בַּח ׳הָר‎ Gen 8:13, compare 8:5; so commonly in Ezek.: — Ezek 1:1; 8:1; 20:1; 29:1, 17; 30:20; 31:1; 33:21; 45:18, 21, 25 + 26:1; 32:17; 45:20 Co; (׳ח‎ sometimes expressed, see 24:1; 32:1 above; on like usage with יום‎ see יום‎). (3) special phrases and usages are: — שָׁנָה לְחָדְשֵׁי בְּחָדְשׁוֺ חֹדֶשׁ עֹלַת‎ Num 28:14 (P; compare יום‎, and Isa 66:23 above

1); לְחֹדֶשׁ וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לְיוֺם מִיּוֺם‎ Est 3:7 from day to day and from month to month; חָדְשָׁהּ‎ Jer 2:24 of wild she-ass's mating time.

詞類次數：名詞（283）

原文字根：新的；相當於G3561（νεομηνία / νουμηνία）

字義溯源：新月，示意：月份，初一，月朔；源自（H2318（חָדַשׁ‎）*=更新，重建）希伯來人以新月為一個月的開始，他們的正月，約是普通日曆的三月中至四月中；其十二個月的名稱如下：一月：尼散月（H5212（נִיסָן‎）；斯3:7）二月：西弗月（H2099（זִו‎）；王上6:1）三月：西彎月（H5510（סִיוָן‎）；斯8:9）四月：Tammuz五月：亞筆月（H24（אָבִיב‎）；出13:4）六月：以祿月（H435（אֱלוּל‎）；尼6:15）七月：以他念月（H388（אֵתָנִים‎）；王上8:2）八月：布勒月（H945（בּוּל‎）；王上6:38）九月：基斯流月（H3691（כִּסְלֵו‎）；尼1:1）十月：提別月（H2887（טֵבֵת‎）；斯2:16）十一月：細罷特月（H7627（שְׁבָט‎）；亞1:7）十二月：亞達月（H143（אֲדָר‎）；斯3:7）

出現次數：總共（283）；創（11）；出（18）；利（15）；民（38）；申（4）；書（2）；士（5）；撒上（7）；撒下（5）；王上（14）；王下（12）；代上（21）；代下（19）；拉（13）；尼（7）；斯（24）；伯（2）；詩（1）；賽（5）；耶（18）；結（27）；但（1）；何（2）；摩（2）；該（5）；亞（5）

譯字彙編：

1）（那）月（120）數量太多，不能盡錄；

2）月（94）創7:11；創8:4；創8:13；創8:14；創38:24；出12:2；出12:2；出12:6；出12:18；出23:15；出34:18；出34:18；出40:17；利16:29；利23:5；利23:24；利25:9；民10:10；民11:20；民11:21；民28:14；民28:14；民28:16；民29:1；民33:38；申1:3；申16:1；申16:1；書5:10；士11:37；士11:38；士11:39；士19:2；士20:47；撒上6:1；撒上27:7；撒下2:11；撒下5:5；撒下6:11；撒下24:8；王上5:14；王上6:1；王上11:16；王上12:32；王上12:33；王下15:8；王下23:31；王下24:8；王下25:1；王下25:3；王下25:8；王下25:27；王下25:27；代上3:4；代上13:14；代上21:12；代下36:2；代下36:9；拉10:9；尼1:1；尼2:1；斯2:12；斯2:12；斯2:12；斯2:16；斯3:7；斯3:7；斯3:7；斯3:13；斯3:13；斯8:9；斯8:12；斯8:12；斯9:1；斯9:1；斯9:15；斯9:17；斯9:19；斯9:21；耶36:9；耶39:2；耶52:31；結29:1；結32:1；結33:21；結39:12；結39:14；結45:21；結47:12；摩4:7；該1:15；該2:1；亞1:7；亞1:7；

3）一個月（10）民3:22；民3:28；民3:34；民3:43；民18:16；民26:62；王上4:7；王上5:14；代上27:1；代上27:1；

4）那月（10）申1:3；拉10:9；耶52:6；耶52:12；結1:2；結24:1；結26:1；結32:1；結32:17；結40:1；

5）（那）月朔（8）代下2:4；代下8:13；拉3:5；尼10:33；詩81:3；結46:1；結46:6；摩8:5；

6）月朔（6）代上23:31；代下31:3；賽1:13；賽66:23；賽66:23；何5:7；

7）一月（4）民3:15；民3:39；民3:40；民9:22；

8）月的（4）創8:4；出13:4；出40:2；斯3:7；

9）這月（4）利23:32；代下29:17；結45:20；該2:20；

10）新月（2）撒上20:34；王下4:23；

11）（那些）月朔（2）結45:17；結46:3；

12）初一（2）撒上20:5；撒上20:18；

13）他月（1）伯14:5；

14）而這月（1）斯9:22；

15）（那些）朔（1）賽47:13；

16）她的月朔（1）何2:11；

17）月分中（1）耶2:24；

18）你們月朔（1）賽1:14；

19）他歲月（1）伯21:21；

20）（那）新月（1）撒上20:27；

21）你們每月的（1）民28:11；

22）一月的（1）利27:6；

23）一個月的（1）創29:14；

24）每月的（1）民28:14；

25）那每一個月的（1）民29:6；

26）按月（1）王上4:27；

27）月呢（1）撒下24:13；

28）（那）初一日（1）撒上20:24；

29）月份（1）代上27:1