πικρ-αίνω,

make sharp or keen, esp. to the taste, π. τὴν κοιλίαν make it bitter, Rev 10:9: - Pass., τὸ στόμα πικραίνεται Hp. Acut. 30: opp. γλυκαίνεσθαι, Arist. Ph. 244b20 .

2. metaph., embitter, irritate, τὴν ψυχήν LXX Job 27:2; τὴν ἀκοήν affect it harshly, opp. γλυκαίνω, D.H. Comp. 12, 15; make harsh, νόμους cj. in A. Eu. 693: - Pass., to be exasperated, embittered, Pl. Lg. 731d, Theoc. 5.120; ὁ ζωγράφος πονεῖ τι καὶ π . vexes himself, Antiph. 144.3; π. ἐπί τισι LXX Exo 16:20; ἔν τισι ib. Rth 1:20; also ἐπικράνθη μοι it grieved me, ib. 13 .

3. of style, make harsh or rugged, διάλεκτον D.H. Dem. 55, cf. 34 .

πικραίνω pikrainō 4x

    to embitter, render bitter, Rev 10:9;

    pass. to be embittered, be made bitter, Rev 8:11; Rev 10:10;

    met. pass. to be embittered, to grow angry, harsh, Col 3:19

G4087 — πικραίνω

: future πικράνω; passive, present πικραίνομαι; 1 aorist ἐπικρανθην; (πικρός, which see);

1. properly, to make bitter: τά ὕδατα, passive, Rev 8:11; τήν κοιλίαν, to produce a bitter taste in the stomach (Vulg.amarico), Rev 10:9f.

2. tropically, to embitter, exasperate, i. e. render angry, indignant; passive, to be embittered, irritated (Plato, Demosthenes, others): πρός τινα, Col 3:19 (Athen. 6, p. 242 c.; ἐπί τινα, Exo 16:20; Jer 44:15; 1 Esdr. 4:31; (ἐν τίνι, Rth 1:20)); contextually equivalent to to visit with bitterness, to grieve (deal bitterly with), Job 27:2; Macc. 3:7. (Compare: παραπικραίνω.)

πικραίνω

( < πικρός ),

[in LXX for H4775, H7107, etc.;]

to make bitter: Rev 10:9; pass ., Rev 8:11; Rev 10:10; metaph ., to embitter ( LXX ) : pass ., seq . πρός , Col 3:19. †

詞類次數：動詞（4）

原文字根：苦

字義溯源：苦待，變苦，發苦，苦，使痛苦；源自（G4089（πικρός）*=銳利的）

出現次數：總共（4）；西（1）；啓（3）

譯字彙編：

1）就發苦了（1）啓10:10；

2）發苦（1）啓10:9；

3）變苦（1）啓8:11；

4）苦（1）西3:19