δεῖ:

subj. δέη, sts. contr. δῆ (in codd. of Com., as Ar. Ra. 265); ὁπόσου κα δῆ IG 4.1484.65 (Epid.), cf. SIG 245 G 47 (Delph.); opt. δέοι Th. 4.4; inf. δεῖν; part. δέον (v. infr. IV): impf. ἔδει, Ion. ἔδεε: fut. δεήσει E. Hipp. 941, etc.: aor. I ἐδέησε Th. 2.77, etc. - Impers. from δέω (A), there is need (the sense of moral obligation, prop. belonging to χρή, is later, S. Ph. 583, etc.):

I c.acc.pers.et inf.,

1. it is needful for one to do, one must, once in Hom., τί δὲ δεῖ πολεμιζέμεναι.. Ἀργείους why need the Argives fight? Il. 9.337; δ. [μ’] ἐλθεῖν Pi. O. 6.28, etc.: with nom. of the Pron., ἡγούμην.. δεῖν.. μεγαλοψυχότερος φαίνεσθαι D. 19.235: rarely δεῖ σ’ ὅπως δείξεις, = δεῖ σε δεῖξαι, S. Aj. 556, cf. Ph. 54; δεῖ σ’ ὅπως μηδὲν διοίσεις Cratin. 108; (the full constr. in S. Ph. 77 τοῦτο δεῖ σοφισθῆναι.. ὅπως γενήσῃ): rarely c. dat. pers., there is need of.. for.., θεοῖσι προσβαλεῖν χθονὶ ἄλλην δεήσει γαῖαν E. Hipp. 941, cf. X. An. 3.4.35, Oec. 7.20: the acc. pers. is often omitted, ἐκ τῶν μανθάνειν δεῖ (sc. ἡμᾶς) Hdt. 1.8, cf. A. Ag. 567, Eu. 826, etc.

2. c. acc. rei et inf., δεῖ τι γενέσθαι Th. 5.26; παραδείγματα, καθ’ ἃ δέοι ἀποκρίνεσθαι Pl. Men. 79a, etc.; also ἐπεὶ δέ οἱ ἔδεε κακῶς γενέσθαι since it was fated for him.., since he was doomed.., Hdt. 2.161, cf. 8.53, 9.109, S. OT 825; for οἴομαι δεῖν, v. οἴομαι.

3. abs. with inf. understood, μὴ πεῖθ’ ἃ μὴ δεῖ (sc. πείθειν) S. OC 1442, cf. OT 1273; εἴ τι δέοι, ἤν τι δέῃ (sc. γενέσθαι), X. Mem. 1.2.59, Th. 1.44; κἂν δέῃ (sc. τροχάζειν), τροχάζῶ Philetaer. 3.

II c. gen. rei,

1. there is need of, freq. with neg., οὐδὲν ἂν δέοι πολλοῦ ἀργυρίου Pl. Cri. 45a, etc.; τί δεῖ τῆς ἀρετῆς; Arist. Pol. 1309b10; sts. with inf. added, μακροῦ λόγου δεῖ ταῦτ’ ἐπεξελθεῖν A. Pr. 870, cf. 875, Supp. 407. freq. in phrases, πολλοῦ δεῖ there wants much, far from it, ὀλίγου δεῖ there wants little, all but; in full c. inf., πολλοῦ δεῖ οὕτως ἔχειν Pl. Ap. 35d; τοὺς Πλαταιέας ἐλαχίστου ἐδέησε διαφθεῖραι [τὸ πῦρ] Th. 2.77; πολλοῦ γε δεῖ, πολλοῦ γε καὶ δεῖ Ar. Ach. 543, D. 18.300, 21.71; τοῦ πλεῦνος αἰεὶ ἔδεε there was always further to travel, Hdt. 4.43; τοῦ παντὸς δεῖ Luc. Merc.Cond. 13: also ὀλίγου δεῖν abs., in same sense, Pl. Rev 22:1-21 a, etc.; μικροῦ δεῖν D. 27.29.

2. with dat. pers. added, δεῖ μοί τινος A. Ag. 848, E. Med. 565, Th. 1.71, etc.

3. with acc. pers. added, αὐτὸν γάρ σε δεῖ προμηθέως A. Pr. 86, cf. E. Rh. 837, Hipp. 23.

4. rarely with Subj. in nom., δεῖ μοί τι something is needful to me, ἓν δεῖ μόνον μοι E. Supp. 594; εἴ τι δέοι τῷ χορῷ Antipho 6.12; πρῶτον μὲν τοῦτο δεῖ, ὑπειληφέναι.. D. 10.15.

III

1. Med., δεῖται there is need, c. gen., δεῖταί σοι τῆς αὐτῆς ἐρωτήσεως Pl. Men. 79c; ὅσων δέοιτο Aen.Tact. 13.1; ἑτέρου δεῖσθαι στρατηγοῦ νομίζων Plu. Pel. 26: c. inf., ὥστε βραχἔ ἐμοὶ δεῖσθαι φράσαι S. OC 570 (codd.); δεήσεται.. ἀναγράφεσθαι Aen.Tact. 31.9; τήν μευ γλῶσσαν ἐκτεμεῖν δεῖται Herod. 6.41. neut. part. δέον (δεῖν is dub. in Ar. Fr. 220, Lys. 14.7, cf. A.D. Adv. 132.30, Hdn.Gr. 2.328, al., Hsch.): abs., it being needful or fitting, Pl. Prt. 355d, etc.; οὐκ ἀπήντα, δέον, he did not appear in court, though he ought to have done so, D. 21.90: c. inf., Ar. Nu. 988; οὐδὲν δέον there being no need, Hdt. 3.65, etc.: fut. ὡς αὐτίκα δεῆσον διώκειν X. Cyr. 3.2.8: aor. δεῆσαν Plu. Fab. 9, etc.: also δέον ἂν εἴη, = δέοι ἄν, Plb. 2.37.5, etc.: less freq. gen. abs. δέοντος, c. acc. inf., Corn. ND 17.

2. Subst. δέον, τό (v. sub voc.).

δεῖ dei 101x

    it is binding, it is necessary, it is proper; it is inevitable, Act 21:22 must; necessary; ought; should.

G1163 — δεῖ

subjunctive present δέῃ; imperfect ἔδει; an impersonal verb (cf. Buttmann, § 132, 12; cf. § 131, 3; from Homer down); (δέω, namely, τίνος, to have need of, be in want of; cf. German esbedarf), it is necessary, there is need of, it behooves, is right and proper; followed either by the infinitive alone (cf. our one ought), or by the accusative with an infinitive (cf. Buttmann, 147 (129)), it denotes any sort of necessity; as a. necessity lying in the nature of the case: Joh 3:30; 2Ti 2:6.

b. necessity brought on by circumstances or by the conduct of others toward us: Mat 26:35 (κἄν δέῃ με ἀποθανεῖν), cf. Mar 14:31; Joh 4:4; Act 27:21; 2Co 11:30; (2Co 12:1 L T Tr WH text); or imposed by a condition of mind: Luk 2:49; Luk 19:5.

c. necessity in reference to what is required to attain some end: Luk 12:12; Joh 3:7; Act 9:6; Act 16:30; 1Co 11:19; Heb 9:26 (on this cf. Winers Grammar, 283 (266); (also Buttmann, 216 (187); 225 (195))); Heb 11:6.

d. a necessity of law and command, of duty, equity: Mat 18:33; Mat 23:23; Luk 11:42; Luk 13:14; Luk 15:32; Luk 18:1; Luk 22:7; Joh 4:20; Act 5:29; Act 15:5; Rom 1:27 (ἀντιμισθίαν, ἥν ἔδει, namely, ἀπολαμβάνεσθαι, the recompense due by the law of God); Rom 8:26; Rom 12:3; 1Co 8:2, etc. or of office: Luk 4:43; Luk 13:33; Joh 9:4; Joh 10:16; Eph 6:20; Col 4:4; 2Ti 2:24.

e. necessity established by the counsel and decree of God, especially by that purpose of his which relates to the salvation of men by the intervention of Christ and which is disclosed in the O. T. prophecies: Mat 17:10; Mat 24:6; Mar 9:11; Act 4:12; 1Co 15:53; in this use, especially of what Christ was destined finally to undergo, his sufferings, death, resurrection, ascension: Luk 24:46 (R G L brackets); Mat 26:54; Joh 3:14; Act 3:21, etc. (of the necessity of fate in Herodotus 5, 33; with the addition κατά τό θεοπρόπιον, 8, 53; Thucydides 5, 26.) [SYNONYMS: δεῖ, χρή: δεῖ seems to be more suggestive of moral obligation, denoting especially that constraint which arises from divine appointment; whereas χρή signifies rather the necessity resulting from time and circumstance. Schmidt, chapter 150.]

G1163 — δέον

δεῖ ,

impersonal ( δέω ),

[in LXX chiefly for infin. with לְ ;]

one must, it is necessary: c . inf ., Mat 26:54, Mar 13:7, Act 5:29, al. ; c . acc et inf ., Mat 16:21, Mar 8:31, Joh 3:7, Act 25:10, al. ; with ellipse of acc , Mat 23:23; of acc, and inf ., Mar 13:14, Rom 1:27; Rom 8:26; o ὐ ( μὴ ) δεῖ ( non licet), ought not, must not: Act 25:24, 2Ti 2:24; impf ., ἔδει , of necessity or obligation in past time regarding a past event (El., § 63, 4), Mat 18:33, Luk 15:32, Joh 4:4, Act 27:21, al. ; periphr., δέον ἐστίν (as in Attic , χρεών ἐστι = χρή , see δέον ), Act 19:36; id ., with ellipse of ἐστίν , 1Pe 1:6 τὰ 5:13.

SYN.: ὀφείλει G3784, expressing moral obligation, as distinct from δεῖ , denoting logical necessity and χρή G5534, a need which results from the fitness of things ( v. Tr., Syn. , § cvii, 10; Weste . on Heb 2:1, 1Jn 2:6; Hort on Jas 3:10).

δέον , - οντος , τό

(neut. part. of δεῖ , used as subst .),

[in LXX Sir prof. 3, 4 , 1Ma 12:11 , 2Ma 1:18 * ; pl . τὰ δ ., for H3899 Exo 16:22, 1Ki 4:22, Pro 24:31; H7607, Exo 21:10; H6598, Da ΤΗ Dan 11:26, Tob 5:14 , 2Ma 13:20 * ;]

that which is needful, due, proper: δ . ἐστίν (periphr. for δεῖ , q.v. ), Act 19:36, with ellipse of ἐστίν , 1Pe 1:6; τὰ μὴ δ ., 1Ti 5:13. †

詞類次數：動詞（163）

原文字根：捆綁

字義溯源：必須，必要，應當，理當，該當，該，必，當；源自（G1210（δέω）*=捆綁）。參讀G315（ἀναγκάζω）的比較。新約對這字有特殊的需要，就如：神的旨意在律法上的要求，‘必須’遵守（路11:42）。因著父神的旨意，人子‘必須’受苦死，被殺，復活（路9:22）。人‘必須’遵照神的定意，從水和靈而生，才能進神的國（約3:5）。先知預言的事，‘必須’成就（啓1:1）

出現次數：總共（103）；太（8）；可（6）；路（18）；約（10）；徒（23）；羅（3）；林前（4）；林後（4）；弗（1）；西（2）；帖前（1）；帖後（1）；提前（4）；提後（2）；多（3）；來（3）；彼前（1）；彼後（1）；啓（8）

譯字彙編：

1）必須（35）太16:21；太17:10；太26:35；太26:54；可8:31；可9:11；可13:10；可14:31；路4:43；路9:22；路13:33；路17:25；路18:1；路21:9；路22:37；路24:7；路24:44；約3:7；約4:4；約4:24；約9:4；約10:16；約12:34；約20:9；徒1:21；徒9:16；徒15:5；徒17:3；徒19:21；林後11:30；提前3:2；多1:7；來11:6；啓17:10；啓20:3；

2）必（11）路19:5；約3:14；約3:30；徒3:21；徒23:11；林前15:53；來9:26；啓4:1；啓10:11；啓11:5；啓13:10；

3）當（10）路11:42；路12:12；路13:16；徒9:6；徒16:30；徒19:36；徒20:35；徒24:19；羅12:3；來2:1；

4）該（8）徒25:10；徒27:21；林後2:3；西4:6；帖後3:7；提後2:24；多1:11；彼後3:11；

5）應當（6）太18:33；路13:14；約4:20；徒25:24；徒26:9；提前3:15；

6）必要（5）徒27:26；林前15:25；林後5:10；啓1:1；啓22:6；

7）是必須（3）太23:23；太24:6；徒1:16；

8）理當（2）路15:32；提後2:6；

9）誠（1）林後12:1；

10）需要（1）弗6:20；

11）不免（1）林前11:19；

12）他當（1）林前8:2；

13）該當（1）帖前4:1；

14）你必須（1）多1:11；

15）乃是（1）彼前1:6；

16）適當（1）提前5:13；

17）他必須（1）提前3:7；

18）所該當的（1）羅8:26；

19）所該的（1）西4:4；

20）因為（1）徒17:23；

21）為念（1）路2:49；

22）當站（1）可13:14；

23）這是必須（1）可13:7；

24）就當（1）太25:27；

25）須（1）路22:7；

26）應當的（1）路24:26；

27）必定（1）徒27:24；

28）就必須（1）徒14:22；

29）是應當的（1）徒5:29；

30）可以（1）徒4:12；

31）當得（1）羅1:27