H7185. qashah
I. [קָשָׁה] verb be hard, severe, fierce (Late Hebrew קָשָׁה be severe; Arabic () be hard, dry, III. endure, struggle against, severity; Aramaic קְשָׁא, be hard, difficult; Jewish-Aramaic קַשְׁיָה קְשִׁי, adjective hard); —
Qal Perfect3feminine singular קָֽשְׁתָה [1Sam 5:7], קָשָׁ֑תָה [Gen 49:7]; Imperfect3masculine singular יִקְשֶׁה [Deut 1:17]; [15:18], וַיִּ֫קֶשׁ 2 Samuel 19:44; —
1 be hard, difficult [Deut 1:17] (of a legal case; מִן comparative).
2 be hard, severe, עָלֵינוּ ׳ק יָדוֺ[1Sam 5:7] (of ׳י, in judgement); ׳יִק בְעֵינֶ֑ךָ. [Deut 15:18] it shall not be hard in thine eyes (seem a severe trial, an injustice); of wrath [Gen 49:7] (poem in J; || עָ֑ז); of fierce words 2 Samuel 19:44.
Niph`al Participle נִקְשֶׁה [Isa 8:21] hardly bestead, hard pressed.
Pi`el Imperfect3feminine singular בְּלִדְתָּהּ וַתְּקַשׁ [Gen 35:16] (E) she made hard in her bearing (had severe labour).
Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הִקְשָׁה [Exod 13:15] +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיֶּקֶשׁ[2Chr 36:13]; [3] masculine plural וַיַּקְשׁוּ [Jer 7:26] +, etc.; Infinitive construct suffix בְּהַקְשֹׁתָהּ [Gen 35:17]; Participle מַקְשֶׁה [Prov 28:14]; [29:1]; —
1 make difficult, difficulty: לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ הִקְשָׁה [Exod 13:15] Pharaoh made difficulty about sending us away; of travail [Gen 35:17] (E; as
Pi`el); לִשְׁאוֺל הִקְשִׁיתָ [2Kin 2:10] thou hast made hard to ask, asked a hard thing.
2 make severe, burdensome, yoke imposed by king [1Kin 12:4] [2Chr 10:4].
3. a. make hard, stiff, stubborn, figurative of obstinacy: אֶתעָֿרְמָּם וַיַּקְשׁוּ [2Kin 17:14] they stiffened their neck, so [Jer 7:26]; [17:23]; [19:15]; [Deut 10:16]; [2Chr 30:8]; [36:13]; [Neh 9:16-17], [29]; [Prov 29:1]; לְבַבְכֶם אַלתַּֿקְשׁוּ [Psa 95:8], compare [Prov 28:14]; subject פ אֶתלֵֿב ׳אַקְשֶׁה ׳י, [Exod 7:3] (P), accusative אֶתרֿוחוֺ [Deut 2:30],
b. shew stubborness [Job 9:4] (with אֶל person [׳י]).
קָשָׁה
原文音譯：hv'q' kaw-shaw’
詞類次數：動詞（28）
原文字根：堅硬；相當於G4642（σκληρός）
字義溯源：稠密，剛硬，（有）艱難*，殘忍，兇猛，痛苦，硬，硬著，極其，強著，堅硬，負重，重重，難斷，困難
出現次數：總共（28）；創（3）；出（2）；申（4）；撒上（1）；撒下（1）；王上（1）；王下（2）；代下（3）；尼（3）；伯（1）；詩（1）；箴（2）；賽（1）；耶（3）
譯字彙編：
1）硬著（5）[申10:16]；[代下30:8]；[尼9:16]；[尼9:29]；[詩95:8]；
2）竟硬著（4）[王下17:14]；[尼9:17]；[耶7:26]；[耶17:23]；
3）剛硬（3）[出13:15]；[申2:30]；[伯9:4]；
4）仍硬著（1）[箴29:1]；
5）存剛硬的（1）[箴28:14]；
6）受艱難（1）[賽8:21]；
7）他強著（1）[代下36:13]；
8）但⋯更硬（1）[撒下19:43]；
9）要使⋯剛硬（1）[出7:3]；
10）使⋯負重（1）[代下10:4]；
11）他們硬著（1）[耶19:15]；
12）有困難（1）[王下2:10]；
13）是兇猛（1）[創49:7]；
14）艱難中（1）[創35:17]；
15）難斷的（1）[申1:17]；
16）看為艱難（1）[申15:18]；
17）過於艱難（1）[王上12:4]；
18）重重（1）[撒上5:7]；
19）有艱難（1）[創35:16]