H2077. zebach
I. זֶ֫בַח162 noun masculine[Judg 16:23] sacrifice **Phoenician זבח of an offering of bread and oil CISi. 165, 12; 167. 8, compare RSSemitic 205 (2nd ed. 222). ׳ז absolute [Gen 31:54] +; construct [Exod 34:25] +; זָ֑בַח [Lev 17:8] [16]t.; suffix זִבְחוֺ [7:16]; [Ezek 34:15], זִבְחֲכֶם [Lev 19:6]; plural זְבָחִים [Gen 46:1] +; construct זִבְחֵי [Lev 17:5] +; suffix 3 masculine plural זִבְחֵיהֶם [17:5], זְבָחֵימוֺ [Deut 32:38], זִבְחֹתָם [Hosea 4:19] etc.; — the common and most ancient sacrifice, whose essential rite was eating the flesh of the victim at a feast in which the god of the clan shared by receiving the blood and fat pieces. In the older literature it is distinguished from מִנְחָה and עֹלָה, in the later literature from חַטָּאת and אָשָׁם.
I. general name for all sacrifices eaten at feasts: —
1 of the God of Israel [Gen 46:1]; [Exod 10:25]; [18:12] (E) [Hosea 3:4]; [6:6]; [9:4]; [Amos 5:25]; [Isa 1:11]; [19:21]; [Deut 12:27]; [18:3]; [1Sam 2:13], [29]; [3:14]; [6:15]; [9:12-13], [15:22] (twice in verse); [16:3], [5] (twice in verse); [2Sam 15:12]; [1Kin 8:62]; [12:27]; [2Kin 5:17]; [16:15]; [Psa 40:7]; [50:8]; [51:18]; [51:19]; [Prov 15:8]; [21:3], [27]; [Isa 43:23-24], [56:7]; [Jer 6:20]; [7:21-22], [17:26]; [33:18]; [Ezek 40:42]; [44:11]; [1Chr 29:21] (twice in verse); [2Chr 7:1], [4], [5], [12]; [Neh 12:43]; [Dan 9:27]; Ecclesiastes 4:17. They should be צֶדֶק זִבְחֵי sacrifices of righteousness (offered in righteousness by the righteous) [Deut 33:19]; [Psa 4:6]; Psalm 51:21; הַבְהָבַי זִבְחֵי sacrifices of gifts to me (׳י) [Hosea 8:13]; the temple is זָבַ֑ח בֵּית[2Chr 7:12]; they should not be ׳ז רִיב sacrifices of strife, where strife prevails [Prov 17:1].
2 of other deities [Exod 34:15]; [Num 25:2]; [Deut 32:38] (JE) [Judg 16:23]; [2Kin 10:19], [24]; [Hosea 4:19]; [Isa 57:7]; [Ezek 20:28]; these are מֵתִים זִבְחֵי sacrifices to dead things (lifeless gods, opposed to ׳י as living), [Psa 106:28].
II. there are several kinds of זְבָחִים which are gradually distinguished:
1 the covenant sacrifice, between Jacob and Laban [Gen 31:54] (E), with God [Psa 50:5] (compare [Exod 24:5]; [1Sam 11:15]).
2 the passover הַמֶּסַח חַג זֶבַח [Exod 34:25] (JE), פסח זבח [12:27] (J); and probably also זבחי [23:18] (JE) = [34:25] (id.)
3 annual sacrifice הַיָּמִים זֶבַח [1Sam 1:21]; [2:19]; [20:6], compare ׳ז מִשְׁמָּחָה sacrifice of the clan [20:29].
4 thank offering ׳ז (הַ)תּוֺדָה [Lev 7:12]; [22:29]; [Psa 107:22]; [116:17], which is given as הַזָּבַח זִבְחוֺ, ׳ז, קָרְבָּנוֺ [Lev 7:16-17], and as a variety of שְׁלָמִים [7:13], [15]; it is implied in תְרוּעָה זִבְחֵי [Psa 27:6]; yet זֶבַח is Generic with תּוֺדָה[2Chr 29:31] (twice in verse).
5 in ritual of H & P זבחים are defined by שׁלמים (q. v.) [Lev 3:1] 39t. Leviticus, Numbers, [1Sam 10:8]; [1Kin 8:63]; [2Chr 30:22]; [33:16]; [Prov 7:14], but sometimes (rarely) ׳ז alone is used in this sense, with or without suffix, where the meaning is plain from the context: [Lev 17:5], [7], [8]; [19:6]; [23:37] (H) [Num 15:3], [5], [8]; [Josh 22:26], [29] (all P). These ritual offerings are of three varieties נֶדֶר תּוֺדָה, and נְדָבָה [Lev 7:12], [16] (P); in the several lists זבחים are distinguished from תודות [Amos 4:4]f.; [2Chr 29:31], from נדרים [Num 15:8] (P) [Deut 12:6], [11]; [Jonah 1:16], from נדבות [Amos 4:4]f.; [Deut 12:6] and from the more comprehensive שׁלמים [Num 15:8]; [Josh 22:27] (P). So also the sacrifice at the institution of the covenant at Horeb [Exod 24:5] (J E) and the sacrifice at the installation of Saul [1Sam 11:5] are defined as שׁלמים זבחים. Thus ׳ז seems not only to be used for all these special forms but also to include other festal sacrifices not defined in the codes of law. The ritual was the same for the entire class. They were all sacrifices for feasts in which the flesh of the victim was eaten by the offerers, except so far as the officiating priests had certain choice pieces and the blood and fat pieces went to the altar for God. The sacrifice at the institution of the covenant at Horeb, the Passover victim, and the ram of consecration, were special, in that there was an application of a portion of the blood to the persons and things which were to be consecrated, [Exod 12:22]; [24:8]; [Lev 8:23].
6 the slaughter of hostile nations is also a זֶבַח offered by God Himself, in which the vultures devour the flesh of the victims [Isa 34:6]; [Jer 46:10]; [Ezek 39:17] (twice in verse); [39:19]; [Zeph 1:7-8],.
7 the verb used with זֶבַח is ordinarily זָבַח but others also are found e.g. עָשָׂה [Num 6:17]; [15:3], [5], [8]; [Josh 22:23] (P) [1Kin 12:27]; [2Kin 5:17]; [10:24]; [Jer 33:18] (compare Sabean דֿבח עסי Hal148 DHMZMG 1888, 374); הֵבִיא [Amos 4:4]; [Deut 12:6], [11]; [Jer 17:26], הִגִּישׁ [Amos 5:25], הִקְרִיב [Lev 7:11], [16]; [22:21] (all P), עָבַד [Isa 19:21], נָתַן Ecclesiastes 4:17, זֶבַח אוֺ עֹלָה יַעֲלָה [Lev 17:8] (H), ז ׳בִּשֵּׁל [Ezek 46:24], וְהַזָּבַ֑ח אֶתהָֿעוֺלָה שָׁחַט [40:42]; compare [44:11].
זֶבַח
原文音譯：xb;z zeh’bakh
詞類次數：名詞（162）
原文字根：祭物；相當於G2378（θυσία） G4376（προσφορά）
字義溯源：屠宰，牲畜的肉，示意：獻祭，祭物，祭牲，祭祀，平安祭，祭；源自（H2076（זָבַח）*=宰殺牲畜）
出現次數：總共（162）；創（2）；出（8）；利（35）；民（20）；申（6）；書（5）；士（1）；撒上（18）；撒下（1）；王上（3）；王下（4）；代上（2）；代下（8）；尼（1）；詩（11）；箴（5）；傳（1）；賽（7）；耶（6）；結（7）；但（1）；何（5）；摩（2）；拿（1）；番（2）
譯字彙編：
1）祭（36）[創31:54]；[創46:1]；[出12:27]；[利3:6]；[利7:12]；[利7:18]；[利7:20]；[利7:21]；[利17:5]；[利17:7]；[利22:29]；[民15:3]；[申33:19]；[士16:23]；[撒上1:21]；[撒上2:13]；[撒上2:19]；[撒上10:8]；[撒上16:2]；[王上8:62]；[王上8:63]；[王上12:27]；[王下10:19]；[王下10:24]；[代上29:21]；[代上29:21]；[代下7:4]；[代下7:5]；[代下33:16]；[尼12:43]；[詩27:6]；[傳5:1]；[賽57:7]；[結39:17]；[結39:17]；[拿1:16]；
2）祭物（32）[出34:15]；[出34:25]；[利7:16]；[利17:8]；[利22:21]；[利23:37]；[民6:17]；[民6:18]；[民7:17]；[民7:23]；[民7:29]；[民7:35]；[民7:41]；[民7:47]；[民7:53]；[民7:59]；[民7:65]；[民7:71]；[民7:77]；[民7:83]；[民15:8]；[撒上2:29]；[撒上3:14]；[代下29:31]；[代下29:31]；[詩40:6]；[詩50:5]；[詩51:16]；[賽19:21]；[結20:28]；[結46:24]；[番1:7]；
3）的祭物（9）[利3:1]；[利17:5]；[利19:5]；[書22:23]；[撒上11:15]；[代下30:22]；[詩106:28]；[箴7:14]；[箴21:27]；
4）的祭（8）[利7:15]；[利7:16]；[詩4:5]；[詩51:19]；[詩107:22]；[詩116:17]；[箴15:8]；[結39:19]；
5）獻祭（6）[民25:2]；[撒上9:12]；[撒上15:22]；[代下7:12]；[箴21:3]；[番1:8]；
6）（那）祭（4）[利7:17]；[撒上16:3]；[撒上16:5]；[撒上16:5]；
7）平安祭（4）[撒上6:15]；[賽56:7]；[耶7:21]；[耶17:26]；
8）獻祭的事（3）[賽34:6]；[耶33:18]；[耶46:10]；
9）祭祀（3）[但9:27]；[何3:4]；[何6:6]；
10）祭物的（3）[利7:13]；[利7:37]；[申12:27]；
11）祭牲（3）[利7:29]；[利7:34]；[王下16:15]；
12）和祭物（3）[出18:12]；[申12:6]；[申12:11]；
13）的祭物中（3）[利3:3]；[利3:9]；[利10:14]；
14）各樣的祭（2）[書22:26]；[書22:29]；
15）用祭物（2）[賽43:23]；[賽43:24]；
16）和平安祭（2）[撒上15:22]；[耶7:22]；
17）你的祭物（2）[利19:6]；[詩50:8]；
18）（那）祭物（2）[民15:5]；[申18:3]；
19）牲的（2）[利4:26]；[利9:18]；
20）牲（2）[利4:10]；[利4:35]；
21）祭牲中（2）[利7:29]；[利7:32]；
22）給我的祭（1）[何8:13]；
23）你們所獻的⋯祭物（1）[賽1:11]；
24）所要的祭（1）[詩51:17]；
25）設筵（1）[箴17:1]；
26）你們的平安祭（1）[耶6:20]；
27）和那些祭（1）[代下7:1]；
28）你們的祭物（1）[摩4:4]；
29）所獻的祭（1）[何4:19]；
30）（那）平安祭牲（1）[結44:11]；
31）他們的祭物（1）[何9:4]；
32）獻⋯祭（1）[撒上20:6]；
33）將祭物（1）[摩5:25]；
34）平安祭牲（1）[結40:42]；
35）他們祭牲（1）[申32:38]；
36）牲上的（1）[利4:31]；
37）祭的（1）[利7:11]；
38）將我祭物的（1）[出34:25]；
39）為祭（1）[出24:5]；
40）把祭物（1）[出10:25]；
41）我祭牲（1）[出23:18]；
42）的祭牲（1）[利23:19]；
43）祭牲的（1）[民7:88]；
44）有獻祭的事（1）[撒上20:29]；
45）（那些）祭（1）[撒下15:12]；
46）那祭（1）[撒上9:13]；
47）各樣祭（1）[書22:28]；
48）祭牲時（1）[民10:10]；
49）我們各樣的祭（1）[書22:27]；
50）或平安祭（1）[王下5:17]