H2063. zoth
זֹאת pronoun feminine see זֶה.
זבב (√ of following; compare Arabic go hither and thither (of a man); make to dangle, or move to and fro, of a thing suspended in the air; but in this sense perhaps denominative)
זֶה demonstrative pronoun and
adverb; feminine זֹאת, once זֹאתָה, [Jer 26:6] Kt (also זֹה and זוֺ, q. v.); common זוּ (q. v.): this, here (the element ז = = is widely diffused in the Semitic languages, as a demonstrative particle, often acquiring, like English that, German der, die, das, the force of a relative. Thus
a. Phoenician זֶ this (e.g. ז קבר this grave), also sometimes זן, feminine זא, comm. אז (see CIS I. i. 1:4; 1:5; 1:6; 1:12; 44:1; 88:2 etc.); Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylon, Têma, Egypt, זי as mark of the Genitive [literally that of] (CIS II. i. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., 65, 69-71, 113, 114, 141, 142, etc.), זנה this (ib. 113:22; 145 C2), feminine זא 113:15; 145 B5; Aramaic of Zinjirli זנה זן, ז, this, זי which (DHMSendsch. 56); Ethiopic ze, this, feminine z¹, za, who (masculine), also (like זִי, and דְּ דִּי, [see below]) in common use as a mark of the Genitive;
b. Arabic this, feminine , (genitive , accusative , feminine ), possessor of (literally that of . . ., i.e. one who owns), or in the Tayyite dialect, who, which: from , with lo! prefixed, this, feminine , with the pronominal element +? affixed, = this: with 'al (= the article) + a demonstrative element la prefixed, who, which (in origin = Hebrew הַלָּזֶה this, q. v.); Sabean דֿן this, feminine דֿ דֿת, who, which, feminine דֿת (PräZMG. 1872, 419, DHMZMG. 1883, 338 f., alsoEpigr. Denkm. 65);
c. Biblical Aramaic דִּי which, דְּנָה דִּכֵּן, דֵּךְ, (q. v.) this, feminine דָּא (= זֹאת), דָּךְ; Palmyrene and Nabataean די which, דנה this; דְּ ᵑ7 which, דֵּיכֵּי דֵּין, this, feminine דָּא; with הא lo! prefixed, הָדָא הָדֵין, (Syriac , contracted from ), ; Syriac who, which; Samaritan who, which, this, feminine Mandean ד who, which, דהֿ this (rare), more commonly האזין האדין, (NöMand § 80, 81). Alike in Hebrew and the other dialects, the corresponding plur. is derived from a different source: Hebrew אֵלָּה, Phoenician אל, Ethiopic 'ell¥, 'ell¹, these, 'ella, who, Arabic , these, , owners of, Sabean אלן these, אלי אל, who, which, Aramaic אִלֵּין, with הא lo! prefixed, , Samaritan , Mandean עלין. Only the Arabic forms its own plural . V. further WSG 107 ff.) —
1 standing alone:
a. this one, sometimes contemptuously (especially with אֵת), [Gen 2:23] לֻקֳּחָהזּֿאֹת מֵאִישׁ כִּי אִשָּׁה יִקָּרֵא לָזֹאת, [5:29] ֗֗֗ יְנַחֲמֵנוּ זֶה, [12:12]; [38:28]; [Exod 10:7] לְמוֺקֵשׁ לָנוּ זֶה יִהְיֶה מָתַי עַד, [1Sam 10:27] זֶה יּוֺשִׁיעֵנוּ מַה how shall this man save us ? [16:8-9], 1 Samuel 21:16 that ye have brought אֶתזֶֿה this fellow to play the madman against me ? [25:21] in vain have I kept לָזֶה אֶתכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר all that this fellow hath etc. [2Sam 13:17] אֶתזֹֿאת, [1Kin 22:27] אֶתזֶֿה, [Micah 5:4]; [Isa 66:2]; as a Genitive, [Gen 29:27-28], [1Kin 21:2]; with a collective force [Lev 11:4], [9] (= [Deut 14:7], [9]), [14:21]; [14:29]; [Judg 20:16-17], (כָּלזֶֿה), [Job 19:19] (with a plural verb). In a purely neuter sense (of an act, event, announcement, etc.) זאת is most common, as with עשׂה to do this [Gen 3:14]; [20:5-6], [45:19] and often, זאת שׁמעו [Amos 8:4]; [Isa 47:8]; [48:1], [16]; [51:21] and elsewhere; [Gen 41:39]; [Exod 17:14]; [Deut 32:6]; [Judg 7:14]; [21:3] זֹאת לָמָההָֽ֗֗֗יְתָה (compare [Job 1:13]; [Psa 118:23]) [1Kin 11:39]; [2Sam 7:19]; [2Kin 3:18] +; זֹאת אֵין [1Sam 20:2]b compare [Amos 2:11] rarely so with אֶתֿ [Josh 22:24]; [Jer 9:11]; [Psa 92:7]; as an accusative of limitation, as regards this, in this, [Ezek 20:27]; [36:37]; [Job 19:26] (si vera lectio), [33:12] in this thou art not just; (late) זֹאת אַחֲרֵי [42:16]; [Ezra 9:10], ׳א כלזֿאת[2Chr 21:18]; [35:20]; pointing forward to a following clause, [Gen 42:18]; [43:11]; [Num 8:24]; [14:35]; [Isa 56:2]; [Job 10:13] etc.; [Exod 9:16]; [1Sam 25:31]; [Isa 1:12] חֲצֵרָֽי׃ רְמֹס מִיֶּדְכֶם זאת דִקֵּשׁ מִי; to one introduced by כִּי [2Sam 19:22]; [Psa 102:19]; [119:50]; [119:56] (see also בְּזֹאת 6b β): but זֶה also sometimes occurs similarly [Exod 13:8]; [Prov 24:12]; [Job 15:17]; [Neh 2:2]; [Eccl 1:17]; [2:15] הבל זה גם (so [2:19]; [2:21]; [2:23] +), [7:18] (twice in verse); of a concrete object, [Exod 30:31]; [2Kin 4:43] אִישׁ מֵאָה לִפְנֵי זֶה אֶתֵּן מָה: in late Hebrew, [Neh 13:6] בְּכָלזֶֿה during all this, [2Chr 32:9] זֶה אַחַר; pointing forwards la 2 Chron 5:17 f., to כִּי [Psa 56:10]; je [22:21]. (See also below, 6g.)
b. repeated זֶהזֶ֗֗֗ה, this . . . that, the one . . . the other or (if indefinite) another, [Gen 29:27] (זֹאת), [Exod 14:20] זֶה אֶל זֶה קָרַב וְלֹא, [1Kin 3:23]; [22:20]; [Isa 6:3]; [44:5] (3 t.), [Psa 75:8] יָרִים וְזֶה יַשְׁמִּיל זֶה, [Job 1:16-18]; [21:23], [25] +.
2 In apposition to a substantive:
a. preceding it (rare) [Exod 32:1], [23] משֶׁה זֶה, [Judg 5:5] (= [Psa 68:9]) סִינַי זֶה this Sinai, [Josh 9:12] לַחְמֵנוּ זֶה this our bread, [1Kin 14:14]; [2Kin 6:33]; [Isa 23:13] הָעָם זֶה, [Psa 34:7]; [49:14]; [104:25] וג גדול הים ׳זה this sea there is great and broad, [118:20]; Cant 7:8; [Ezra 3:12]. (compare זוּ [Hab 1:11].)
b. following it: — (a) when the substantive is determined by a pronominal affix, [Gen 24:8] זֹאת שְׁבוּעָתִי, this my oath, [Deut 5:16] O that זֶה לְבָבָם this their heart (their present temper) might continue always! [21:20]; [Josh 2:14], [20] זֶה דְּבָרֵנוּ, [Judg 6:14] go זֶה בְּכֹחֲךָ in this thy strength, [Dan 10:17]; [2Chr 24:18]. (compare אֵלֶּה, a.) Rarely when it is undetermined, [2Kin 1:2] זֶה חֳלִי (so [8:8-9],), [Psa 80:15] (β) with the article, הַזּאֹת הַזֶּה,, after a substantive determined also by the article, [Gen 7:1] הַזֶּה בַּדּוֺר, [7:13] הַזֶּה הַיּוֺם, [12:7] הַזּאֹת הָאָרֶץ, [15:7]; [17:21], [23]; [Deut 4:6] הזה הגדול הגוי, and continually. Not however after a proper name, except such as are construed with the article, as הַזֶּה הַיַּרְדֵּן [Gen 32:11]; [Deut 3:27]; [31:2]; [Josh 1:2], [11]; [4:22], הַזֶּה הַלְּבָנוֺן [1:4], compare [Num 27:12] = [Deut 32:49] ([2Kin 5:20] הַזֶּה belongs to הָאֲרַמִּי): and hardly ever ([2Chr 1:10] after a noun with a pronominal affix ([Josh 2:17] הַזֶּה מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵךְ the Gender of הזה shews that the text is in error: see Dr§ 209 Obs.).
3 More oft. as predicate, as [1Sam 24:17] זֶה הֲקוֺלְךָ, [2Kin 3:23] זֶה דָּם this is blood, [9:37] אִיזָָֽבֶל׃ זֹאת, [Ezek 5:5] etc.; הֲזֶה [Isa 14:16], הֲזֹאת [23:7]; [Lam 2:15]; often at the beginning or close of enumerations (especially P), descriptions, injunctions, etc., as [Gen 5:1] ספר זה this is the book . . ., [9:12] הַבְּרִית אוֺת זֹאת, [17:10]; [20:13] עִמָּדִי תַּעֲשִׂי אֲשֶׁר חַסְדֵּךְ זֶה, [Lev 6:2]; [6:13]; [6:18]; [7:1], [11]; [Deut 6:1]; [33:1]; [Josh 13:2]; [Job 27:13]; [Isa 58:6] etc.; ֗֗֗ אשׁר הדבר זה [Exod 16:16]; [35:4]; [Josh 5:4]; [Judg 20:9]; [21:11]; Isaiah 27:22; [Jer 38:21] +, compare ֗֗֗ אשׁר זה this is what (or how) . . . [Gen 6:15]; [Exod 29:38]; [Jer 33:16]; הָאוֺת לְךָ זֶה [Exod 3:12]; [1Sam 2:34] +; at the end, [Lev 7:37]; [11:46]; [13:50]; [Num 5:21]; [7:17], [23] etc., [Josh 19:8], [16], [23] etc., [Isa 14:26]; [16:13] (֗֗֗ אֲשֶׁר הַדָּבָר זֶה), [17:14]; [54:17]; [Jer 13:25]; [Psa 109:20]; [Song 5:16] (twice in verse); [Job 5:27], in the latter case sometimes with the force of such (i.e. such as has been described), [18:21]; [20:29] (compare אֵלֶּה [Psa 73:12]), [24:6]; Psalm 48:15 such (= such a one) is God, our God, for ever (Hi De) [Zeph 2:15]; compare [Job 14:3] אַףעַֿלזֶֿה upon one such as this ([14:1]; [14:2]) dost thou open thy eyes?
4 It is attached enclitically, almost as an adverb, to certain words, especially interrogative pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in English idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker. (Contrast from this point of view זה מי and הוא מי: see הוא 4b. Thus
a. אֵיזֶֿה15 where, then ? [Job 28:12] בִּינָה מְקוֺם אֵיזֶֿה, [28:20]; [38:19] b (see other examples below אַי 1b, p. 32).
b. מִיזֶֿה, [1Sam 17:55-56], הָעָֽלֶם׃ בֶּןמִֿיזֶֿ֖ה the son of whom, here, is the lad ? [Jer 49:19] (= [50:44]) וג אֲשֶׁר רֹעֶה זֶה ׳וּמִי and who (emphatic) is the shepherd that etc., [Lam 3:37]; [Psa 24:8] Who is the king of glory ? (for which in [24:10] the stronger זֶה הוּא מִי is said: so [Jer 30:21]; [Est 7:5]), Esth 25:12. Elsewhere, the rend. Who is this . . . is admissible: [Isa 63:1]; [Jer 46:7]; [Job 38:2]; [42:3]; compare מִיזֹֿאת [Song 3:6]; [6:10]; [8:5].
c. מַהזֶֿה how, now ? [Gen 27:20]; [Judg 18:24] אֵלַי תּאֹמְרוּ וּמַהזֶּֿה and how, now, do ye say to me . . . ? [1Kin 21:5]; [2Kin 1:5]; what, now ? (τίποτε;) [1Sam 10:11] לְבֶןקִֿישׁ הָיָה מַהזֶּֿה; עַלמַֿהאזֶּה for what ? [Neh 2:4]: contracted into מַזֶּה [Exod 4:2]. (compare Aramaic מָדֵין why ? used as a conjunction therefore, e.g. [2Sam 18:22] ᵑ6, PS2013: both formed similarly.)
d. מַהזּֿאֹת in the phrase (עָשִׂית עֲשִׂיתֶם,) עָשִׂיתָ מַהזּֿאֹת [Gen 3:13]; [12:18]; [26:10]; [29:25]; [42:28]; [Exod 14:11]; [Judg 2:2]; [15:11] +. Either What, now, hast thou (have ye) done ? (Fl De) or what is this (that) thou hast (ye have) done ? (The Arabic grammarians dispute on the precise construction of the corresponding phrase in Arabic ; De[Gen 3:13] (ed. 4), and especially FlKl Schr. i. 356 Lanep. 948.)
e. לָמָּהזֶּֿה wherefore, now ? [Gen 18:13]; [25:22]; [32:30]; [Exod 5:22]; [Num 11:20] +?
f. זֶה הַאַתָּה [2Sam 2:20] עשׂהאל זה האתה Art thou Asahel ? [1Kin 18:7], [17], without הֲ [Gen 27:24]; in an indirect question [27:21].
g. זֶה הִנֵּה behold, here . . . [1Kin 19:5] (in narrative), [Isa 21:9]; [Song 2:8-9],. compare [Num 13:17] (unusual) בַּנֶּגֶבּ זֶה עֲלוּ go up here in the South.
h. זֶה עַתָּה, [1Kin 17:24] יָדַעְתִּי זֶה עַתָּה now I know that . . ., [2Kin 5:22] just now. Also
i. prefixed to expressions denoting a period of time: [Gen 27:36] he hath supplanted me פַעֲמַיִם זֶה now two times (so [43:10]), [31:38] now, already twenty years, [31:41] (֗֗֗ זֶהלִּֿי, [45:6]; [Num 14:22] now ten times, [22:28], [32] רְגָלִים שָׁלשׁ זֶה, [Deut 8:2], [4]; [Josh 22:3] רַבִּים יָמִים זֶה, [2Sam 14:2] +; [Zech 7:3] שָׁנִים כַּמָּה זֶה already how many years! compare [Ruth 2:7].
5 In poetry, as a relative pronoun (rare: but see also זוּ זוֺ,): [Psa 74:2] the hill of Zion בּוֺ שׁכנת זה wherein thou dwellest, [78:54]; [104:8] זה אלמְֿקום to the place (stative construct Ges§ 130. 3) which . . . [78:26]; [Prov 23:22]; [Isa 25:9]; = that which [Job 15:17], those who [19:19] (so once, [Exod 13:8], even in prose). In some of the passages cited the punctuators, by coupling זה with the preceding substantive, and separating it from what follows by a disj. accent (as הַרֶֿזה), appear not to have recognised its relative sense, but to have construed, 'this mountain, (which) thy right hand,' etc.
6 With prefixes (in special senses): —
a. בָּזֶה15 in this (place), here, [Gen 38:21-22], [Exod 24:14]; [Num 23:1] (twice in verse); [1Sam 1:26]; [9:11] +; of time, then, [Est 2:13]. Once בַּזֶה [1Sam 21:10].
b. בְּזֹאת (a) with this = on these conditions, [Gen 34:15], [22]; [1Sam 11:2]; [Isa 27:9]; = herewith, thus provided [Lev 16:3]. (β) by or through this (especially with יָדַע), [Gen 42:15], [33]; [Exod 7:17]; [Num 16:28]; [Josh 3:10]; [Psa 41:12]; so בָּזֹאת [Mal 3:10]. (γ) in spite of this, [Lev 26:27]; [Psa 27:3], for which the fuller בְּכָלזֹֿאת occurs, [Isa 5:25]; [9:11]; [9:16]; [9:20]; [10:4]; [Psa 78:32]; [Jer 3:10]; [Hosea 7:10]. (δ) בָּזֹאת for this cause (late style) [1Chr 27:24]; [2Chr 19:2]; in this matter[20:17];
c. כָּזֶה (a) [Gen 41:38] ֗֗֗ אשׁר אִישׁ כָזֶה הֲנִמְצָא, [Isa 56:12]; [58:5]; [Jer 5:9] כָּזֶה אֲשֶׁר גּוֺי (so [5:29]; [9:8]). (β) וְכָזֶה כָּזֹה thus and thus, [Judg 18:4]; [2Sam 11:25]; [1Kin 14:5].
d. כְּזֹאת the like of this = as follows, [Gen 45:23]; כָּזֹאת the like of this = things such as these [Judg 13:23] (with השׁמיע), [15:7]; [19:30] כָּזֹאת נראתה לא, [1Sam 4:7] (compare [Jer 2:10]; [2Chr 30:26]), [2Sam 14:13] (with חשׁב), [Isa 66:8] (with שׁמע), [Ezra 7:27]; = accordingly, to that effect (with דִּבֶּר) [2Chr 34:22]; = in like manner [Judg 8:8]; = thus (as has been described) [1Kin 7:37]; [1Chr 29:14]; [2Chr 31:20]; [32:15]: וְכָזֹאת כָּזֹאת thus and thus [Josh 7:20]; [2Sam 17:15] (twice in verse); [2Kin 5:4]; [9:12].
e. מִזֶּה from here, hence [Gen 37:17]; [42:15]; [50:25]; [Exod 11:1] (twice in verse); [13:3]; [Deut 9:12] + often: מִזֶּהמִ֗֗֗זֶּה on one side . . . on the other side [Exod 17:12] אחד ומזה אחד מזה, [25:19]; [26:13]; [32:15] כתובים הם ומזה מזה, [Num 22:24]; [1Sam 14:4]; [1Kin 10:19-20], [Zech 5:3] +; לְ וּמִזֶּה מִוֶּה on one side and on the other side of . . . [Exod 38:15]; [Josh 8:33]; [Ezek 45:7]; [48:21].
f. זֶה עַל on this account (rare), [Lam 5:17] (pointing forwards), [Est 6:3]. So זֹאת עַל [Amos 8:8]; [Micah 1:8]; [Jer 2:12] ([Job 17:8]) [Jer 4:8]; [4:28]; [Psa 32:6]; in late prose [Ezra 8:23]; [9:15]; [10:2]; [Neh 13:14]; [2Chr 16:9-10], [29:9]; [32:20].
g. זֶה עִם in spite of this [Neh 5:18]. — On זֶה אֵי which ? מִזֶּה אֵי whence ? לָזֹאת אֵי how ? see below אַי
2; and on הַלֵּזוּ הַלָּזֶה, הַלָּז,.
Note. — זֶה in [1Sam 17:34] (in many editions) is a typographical error (not a Kt) of Jacob b. Chayim's Rabbinic Bible of 1525 for שׂה sheep, which has been perpetuated hence in other subsequent editions. The reading of MSS. and of the best ancient editions is שֶׂה (compare de RossiVar. Lect. ii. 151).