H1818. dam
דָּם360 noun masculine[Gen 9:6] blood (Late Hebrew id., Arabic , Ethiopic Assyrian damu Nor239 ZimBP 72, 76; Aramaic דְּמָא דַּם, , ) — absolute ׳ד [37:22] 154t.; construct דַּם [9:6] 62t.; suffix דָּמִי [1Sam 26:20] [3]t.; דָּֽמְךָ [2Sam 1:16] (Qr; Kt דמיך) + 4 t.; דָּמֵךְ [Ezek 16:22] [3]t.; דָּמוֺ [Gen 9:4] 30t.; דָּמָהּ [Lev 4:30] (twice in verse) + 11 t.; דִּמְכֶם [Gen 9:5]; דָּמָם [Lev 16:27] [11]t.; plural דָּמִים [Exod 4:25] 35t.; construct דְּמֵי [Gen 4:10] [18]t.; suffix דָּמֶיךָ [2Sam 1:16] Kt (Qr דָּֽמְךָ); דָּמַיִךְ [Ezek 16:6] (3 t. in verse); [16:9]; דָּמָיו [Lev 20:9] [3]t.; דָּמֶיהָ [12:7] [2]t.; דְּמֵיהֶם [20:11] [5]t.; —
1 blood of man or animal, = the life (נֶפֶשׁ) [Gen 9:4] (P) [Deut 12:23]; [Lev 17:14] (twice in verse) (H); compare הִוא בַּדָּם הַבָּשָׂר נֶפֶשׁ [17:11] (H) & לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם דִּמְכֶם [Gen 9:5] (P); see also [Psa 72:14] בְּעֵינָיו דָּמָם וְיֵיקַר; hence blood of animals not to be eaten [Lev 3:17]; [7:26-27],(all P) [17:10] (twice in verse); [17:12] (twice in verse); [17:14]; [19:26] (all H) [Deut 12:16], [23]; [15:23]; [1Sam 14:32-33], [34]; [Ezek 33:25] (compare RSK 310), but to be poured out & covered with dust [Lev 17:13] (compare RSSemitic i. 216 f.).
2 usually blood become visible,
a. as from a wound ׳ד הַמַּכָּה [1Kin 22:35] (compare דָּמִים חֲתַן [Exod 4:25-26], see below h); licked by dogs [1Kin 21:19] (twice in verse); [22:38]; [Ezek 32:6]; from the nose [Prov 30:33]; bloody issue of a woman [Lev 15:19] compare [15:25]; plural טָֽהֳרָה דְּמֵי [12:4-5], & דָּמֶיהָ מְקֹר [12:7] (all P) [20:18] (H); blood in which child welters [Ezek 16:6] (twice in verse); [16:22] + [16:6] (strike out A B Co and others); of goat [Gen 37:31] (JE); of slain bird [Lev 14:6], [51], [52].
b. often object of שָׁפַךְ, spill, shed [Gen 9:6] (P) [37:22] (E) [Num 35:33] (P) [Lev 17:4] (H) [Deut 21:7]; [1Sam 25:31]; [1Kin 18:28]; [2Kin 21:16]; [24:4]; [1Chr 22:8]; [Ezek 16:38]; [22:4], [6], [9], [12], [27]; [23:45]; [33:25]; [36:18] (strike out B Co) [Prov 1:16] also [Psa 79:3] כַּמַּיִם דָמָם שָֽׁפְכוּ; דָּם שֹׁפֵךְ a blood-shedder [Ezek 18:10]; דָּם שֹׁפֶכֶת עִיר [22:3] compare [22:4] (also [1Kin 2:31]; [Jer 22:3], [17]; [1Chr 22:8]; [28:3]; [Prov 6:17]; [Lam 4:13]); less often subject of passive נִשְׁמָּךְ שָׁפוּךְ,, etc. [Gen 9:6]; [Num 35:33] (both P) [Deut 19:10]; [Zeph 1:17]; [Psa 79:10].
c. חָלָל דַּם [Deut 32:42] (song) blood of slain; ׳ד חֲלָלִים [2Sam 1:22] so [Num 23:24] (JE), object of שָׁתָה, of Israel under figure of lion; compare also [Ezek 39:17-18], [19], & [2Sam 23:17] = [1Chr 11:19] (הָאֲנָשִׁים דַּם hyperbole for imperilled life); as food of young eagles [Job 39:30].
d. often of innocent blood, i.e. blood shed with injustice & cruelty, נָקִי דָּם [Deut 21:8-9], [1Sam 19:5]; [2Kin 21:16]; [24:4]; [Psa 94:21]; [106:38] compare Psalm 94:38; [Prov 6:17]; [Isa 59:7]; [Jer 7:6]; [22:3] (also [26:15]); נָקִיא דָּם Joel 4:19; [Jonah 1:14]; also in construct נָקִי דַּם [Deut 19:10]; compare [27:25] ׳ד ׳נ נֶפֶשׁ לְהַכּוֺת; הַנָּקִי דַּם [19:13]; [Jer 22:17]; [2Kin 24:4]; נְקִיִּים דַּם [Jer 19:4]; נְקִיִּים אֶבְיוֺנִים נַפְשׁוֺת דַּם [2:34]; further צַדִּיקִים דַּם [Lam 4:13]; חִנָּם דְּמֵי [1Kin 2:31]; in [Psa 31:10] דָּמִי = my death (|| אֶלשַֿׁחַת רִדְתִּי).
e. evenger of blood הַדָּם גֹּאֵל [Num 35:19], [21], [24], [25], [27] (twice in verse) (all P); [Deut 19:6], [12]; [Josh 20:3], [5], [9]; [2Sam 14:11].
f. plural דָּמִים of abundance, blood in quantity, hence sometimes of blood shed by rude violence, and of blood-stains; — [Gen 4:10-11],(J) as crying from the ground for vengeance (compare RSSemitic i. 397), compare also [2Sam 3:28]; [16:8]; [2Kin 9:26] (twice in verse); [Isa 1:15]; [9:4]; [26:21]; [Ezek 16:6] (3 t. in verse); [16:9], [36] (on text of [16:6] see above) [Zech 9:7]; [2Chr 24:25]; אָדָם דְּמֵי [Hab 2:8], [17], and in other connections; but interchangeably with singular [2Sam 3:27]; [20:12]; [2Kin 9:33]; [Isa 34:3], [6] (twice in verse); [34:7]; Ezekiel 21:37; [Ezek 22:13] (plural Co) [24:8] (twice in verse) and elsewhere; see especially דָמִי אַלתְּֿכַסִּי אֶרֶץ [Job 16:18]; ירושׁלם דְּמֵי blood-stains of Jerusalem [Isa 4:4]; = slaughter, singular [Gen 37:26] (J) [Jer 48:10]; [Ezek 5:17]; [28:23] (|| דֶּבֶר) [38:22] (|| id.); דַּםעֲֿבָדָיו [Deut 32:43] (song: compare [Psa 79:10]); plural עֲבָדַי דְּמֵי [2Kin 9:7] (twice in verse); יִזְרְעֶאל דְּמֵי [Hosea 1:4]; bloodshed at Jezreel; compare נָגָ֑עוּ בְּדָמִים דָּמִים [4:2]; מִלְחָמָה דְּמֵי [1Kin 2:5] (twice in verse); in [Ezek 9:9] חָמָס הָאָרֶץ וַתִּמָּלֵא (Baer) read דָּמִים for חָמָס see d. H. Vrss Co Comm.; לְדָם אָרַב lie in wait for blood [Prov 1:11] compare [1:18]; [12:6]; [Micah 7:2]; דָּמִים of a plan of murder [Isa 33:15] (object of שׁמע); דָּמִים מִשְׁמַּט [Ezek 7:23] bloody crime; as symbol of oppression, violence [Micah 3:10] (|| עַוְלָה), [Hab 2:12] (|| id.)
g. דָּמִים = guilt of bloodshed, blood-guiltiness [Exod 22:1], then more Generally, mortal sin (RSOTJC 417, 2nd ed. 441, compare [Ezek 18:13]) [Psa 51:16] (compare Hosea 12:15); also בְדָמִים בּוֺא [1Sam 25:26], [33].
h. plural also in pharses: דָּמִים חֲתַן bloody bridegroom [Exod 4:25-26], also those denoting character, chiefly in poetry, דָּמִים אִישׁ bloody man (sanguinary) [2Sam 16:8]; [Psa 5:7] הַדָּמִים אִישׁ [2Sam 16:7]; דָּמִים אַנְשֵׁי, [Psa 26:9]; Psalm 55:24; [59:3]; [139:19]; [Prov 29:10]; הַדָּמִים ואלבֵּֿית bloody house [2Sam 21:1] but read with ᵐ5 We Dr דמים בֵּיתֹה ואל, & on his house is blood; דָּמִים עִיר [Nahum 3:1]; הַדָּמִים עִיר [Ezek 22:2]; [24:6] + [24:9] (strike out B Co).
i. בּוֺ דָּמָיו his blood is in (upon) him, he is responsible for his own death [Lev 20:9] compare [20:11]; [20:12]; [20:13]; [20:16]; [20:27] (all H), [Ezek 18:13] ( + יִהְיֶה); בּוֺ דָּמוֺ [33:5]; בְּראֹשׁוֺ דָּמוֺ [Josh 2:19] (twice in verse); so with שָׁבוּ [1Kin 2:33], יִהְיֶה [2:37]; [Ezek 33:4]; ראֹשֶׁ֑ךָ עַל דָּֽמְ֯יךָ [2Sam 1:16], and י ׳הֵשִׁיב עַלרֿאֹשׁוֺ אֶתדָּֿמוֺ [1Kin 2:32]; also בְּבֵיתְךָ דָּמִים תָשִׂים לֹא [Deut 22:8]; and אֲבִימֶלֶךְ עַל לָשׂוּם דָּמָם [Judg 9:24]; (אלׅ על דָּם נָתַן [Jer 26:15]; [Jonah 1:14]; דָּמִים עָלָיךָ וְהָיָה [Deut 19:10], see [2Sam 21:1] above; also singular [Ezek 22:4] אָשַׁמְתְּ בְּדָמֵךְ, and as subject of לְ יֵחָשֵׁב shall be imputed to [Lev 17:4] (H); דָמִים לוֺ אֵין [Exod 22:1] compare [22:2] (both J E) & (singular) [Num 35:27] (P).
j. of judicial process in case of bloodshed לְדָם בֵּיןדָּֿם לַמִּשְׁמָּט דָּבָר [Deut 17:8] compare [2Chr 19:10]; רֵעֶ֑ךָ עַלדַּֿם תַּעֲמֹד לֹא [Lev 19:16] (H).
k. in phrase require blood at the hand of, exact vengeance (for it) from, מִיַּד דָּמוֺ דָּרַשׁ [Ezek 33:6]; [Gen 9:5]; נִדְרָשׁ דָּמוֺ [42:22] (E); absolute דמים דֹּרשׁ [Psa 9:13]; מִיֶּדְכֶם אֶתדָּֿמוֺ אֲבַקֵּשׁ [2Sam 4:11] compare [Ezek 3:18], [20]; [33:8]; ד ׳מָּקַד עַלֿ [Hosea 1:4]; ד ׳וְנִקֵּיתִי Joel 4:21; [Ezek 35:6] (4 t. in verse); compare on the other hand י מְּנֵי מִנֶּגֶד אַרְצָה דָּמִי ׳אַליִֿמֹּל [1Sam 26:20] i.e. let it not de unavenged.
l. of blood as defiling a land [Num 35:33] (P) compare [Psa 106:38] (plural בדמים); מִדָּם עֲקֻבָּה [Hosea 6:8] of a city foot-printed (VB) with blood; defiling hands [Isa 1:15]; [59:3]; [Lam 4:14] compare [Ezek 23:37], [45]; further, of blood as oppressing one who has shed it נֶפֶשׁ בְּדַם עָשֻׁק [Prov 28:17].
m. atonement for blood-guilt is expressed by הַדָּם לָהֶם וְנִכַּמֵּר [Deut 21:8] (on form of verb compare Ges§ 55, 9 & Di).
n. blood (-shedding) as connected with divine wrath בְּדָם עָלָיהָ חֲמָתִי וְשָׁפַכְתִּ֫י [Ezek 14:19]; וְקִנְאָה חֵמָה דַּם [16:38]; see further מִדָּם חִצַּי אַשְׁכִּיר [Deut 32:42], compare [Jer 46:10]; compare also of human vengeance by divine help הָרָשָׁע בְּדַם יִרְחַץ [Psa 58:11]; בְּדָם רַגְלְךָ תִּמֲחַץ [68:24]; note further [Isa 49:26]; [Ezek 39:19] (in both figurative of being drunk with blood); then of simple human vengeance שְׁאוֺל בְּדָם אֶתשֵֿׂיבָתוֺ וְהוֺרַדְתָּ֫ [1Kin 2:9].
o. of water turned into blood (singular) in Egypt, by divine power [Exod 4:9] (J) [7:17], [20] (JE) [7:19]; [7:19]; [7:21] (P) [Psa 78:44]; [105:29]; compare [Isa 15:9] & [Ezek 32:6]; further, of appearance of blood in sky [Joel 3:3], & of colour of moon [2:4]; specifically of red colour of water כַּדָּם אֲדֻמִּים [2Kin 3:22] compare [3:23].
3 blood used with religious significance,
a. blood of passover-lamb [Exod 12:7], [13] (twice in verse) (all P) [12:22]; [12:22]; [12:23] (all J E); note also הַבְּרִית דַּם, i.e. blood by which covenant was ratified [24:8] (JE) [Zech 9:11].
b. blood used in ritual, [Lev 17:11] יְכַמֵּר בַּנֶּפֶשׁ הוּא הַדָּם (H); compare [2Chr 29:24]; also [Ezek 44:7], [15] (both || חֵלָב); further [Lev 1:5]; [Isa 1:11]; [Psa 50:13]; thrown on altar, verb זָרַק usually with עַל [Exod 24:6] (JE) [29:16], [20]; [Lev 1:5], [11]; [3:2], [8], [13]; [7:2], [14]; [8:19], [24]; [9:12], [18] (all P) [17:6] (H) [Num 18:17] (P) [Ezek 43:18]; [2Kin 16:13], [15] (twice in verse); [2Chr 29:22] (3 t. in verse); compare [30:16]; sprinkled, verb הִזָּה [Lev 5:9]; [16:19] (both P); sprinkled toward tent of meeting (verb הִזָּה) [Num 19:4] (twice in verse) (P); brought into tent of meeting [Lev 4:5], [16]; [6:23]; compare [10:18] (all P); sprinkled toward the holy of holies (verb הִזָּה) [4:6] (twice in verse); [4:17]; [16:14] (twice in verse) (all P); brought within the veil on day of atonement [16:15] (3 t. in verse) (compare [16:14]) [16:27] (all P); thrown on people [Exod 24:8] (J E; זָרַק); sprinkled on priests (הִזָּה) [29:21]; [Lev 8:30] (both P); on garment (in sanctuary, הִזָּה) [6:20] (P); applied with finger to horns of altar [Exod 29:12]; [Lev 4:7], [18], [25], [30], [34]; [8:15]; [9:9] (3 t. in verse); [16:18] (twice in verse) (all P; also [Ezek 45:19]) [43:20]; applied to tip of right ear of priest [Exod 29:20]; [Lev 8:23-24], (all P; also [14:14], [25] P); poured out at base of altar (אֶלֿ שָׁפַךְ) [Exod 29:12]; [Lev 4:7], [18], [25], [30], [34] (all P); compare with מָצָה (Niph`al) [1:15]; [5:9]; with יָצַק [8:15] (all P); half of blood put in basons [Exod 24:6] (JE); blood poured out on altar [Deut 12:27] (twice in verse); blood of red heifer burned [Num 19:5] (P); see further such terms as זִבְחִי דַּם [Exod 23:18]; [34:25] (both J E) (compare [Deut 12:27]; [2Kin 16:15]); הַשְּׁלָמִים דַּם [Lev 7:33] (P; compare [7:14]); הַכִּמֻּרִים חַטָּאת דַּם [Exod 30:10] (P) compare [Ezek 45:19]; הָאָשָׁם דַּם [Lev 14:14], [17], [25], [28]; (see אָשָׁם חַטָּאת, שֶׁלֶם, זֶבַח,); דַּםחֲֿזִיר, swine's blood, as heathen offering [Isa 66:3]; compare מִדָּם נִסְכֵּיהֶם [Psa 16:4] (see Che).
4 figurative of wine דַּםעֲֿנָבִים [Gen 49:11] (blessing of Jacob || יַיִן); compare [Deut 32:14] (song) תִּשְׁתֶּהחָֿ֑מֶר עֵנָב דַּם. — בְּדָֽמְךָ [Ezek 19:10] probably textual error compare VB; Da prop: בְּרוּמָהּ in her height.
דָּם
原文音譯：~D' dawm
詞類次數：名詞（362）
原文字根：有如；相當於G129（αἷμα） G1777（ἔνοχος）
字義溯源：血，（人或動物的血），葡萄汁，流血，人血，流人血。源自（H1826（דָּמַם）*=安靜，寂然不動）希伯來文的血，是指在動物體內的流質，供應體內各部分，是維持動物生命主要的元素。聖經第一次用血字，是在（[創4:10]），這是神審判兇殺者的描寫，所以聖經常以‘流人血的’來描說‘兇殺者’（[詩5:6]；[撒下16:7]）；血從傷口流出來，這不是自然的死，乃是被兇殺的死。這字在舊約叄百餘次的使用中，有七十次用複數，似在強調流血犯罪的行為。祭牲流血總是表明死。埃及的水變為血；在那日，月亮要變為血（[珥2:31]）；這兩者都是主的審判。（[創49:11]）與（[申32:14]）兩處經文中的葡萄汁，原文都是說‘葡萄的血’；當主被賣的那一夜，他拿起那盛葡萄汁的杯來說，這是我立約的血（[太26:28]）；這三次的經文是何等對照。神用他兒子的血，來滿足他公義審判的要求，而完成了救贖，這是人類最大的福音。所以（[利17:11]）說，因為活物的生命是在血中，我把這血賜給你們，可以在壇上為你們的生命贖罪；因血裏有生命，所以能贖罪。如今在新約，主耶穌是我們在神面前惟一的祭物，他捨去他的生命為我們流血，為我們贖罪（[來9:12]），使我們得以在他的生命中事奉那永生神
出現次數：總共（360）；創（11）；出（29）；利（88）；民（15）；申（23）；書（5）；士（1）；撒上（8）；撒下（12）；王上（12）；王下（13）；代上（4）；代下（8）；伯（2）；詩（21）；箴（8）；賽（15）；耶（9）；哀（2）；結（55）；何（5）；珥（4）；拿（1）；彌（2）；鴻（1）；哈（3）；番（1）；亞（2）
譯字彙編：
1）血（127）數量太多，不能盡錄；
2）的血（48）[出23:18]；[出24:8]；[出30:10]；[利4:5]；[利4:16]；[利4:25]；[利4:34]；[利5:9]；[利14:14]；[利14:25]；[利16:14]；[利16:18]；[利16:18]；[利17:14]；[撒下3:27]；[撒下3:28]；[撒下23:17]；[王上2:5]；[王上22:35]；[王下9:7]；[王下9:7]；[王下16:15]；[王下16:15]；[王下24:4]；[王下24:4]；[詩50:13]；[詩94:21]；[詩106:38]；[詩106:38]；[賽1:11]；[賽4:4]；[賽59:7]；[耶2:34]；[耶19:4]；[耶22:3]；[耶22:17]；[耶26:15]；[哀4:13]；[結16:36]；[結16:38]；[結22:13]；[結39:18]；[結45:19]；[珥3:19]；[拿1:14]；[哈2:8]；[哈2:17]；[亞9:11]；
3）（那）血（46）[出7:21]；[出12:7]；[出12:22]；[出12:22]；[出24:6]；[出24:6]；[出29:12]；[出29:20]；[出29:21]；[利3:2]；[利4:6]；[利4:7]；[利4:18]；[利4:18]；[利5:9]；[利8:15]；[利8:23]；[利8:24]；[利8:30]；[利9:9]；[利9:9]；[利9:18]；[利16:19]；[利17:6]；[利17:11]；[民35:19]；[民35:21]；[民35:24]；[民35:25]；[民35:27]；[民35:27]；[民35:33]；[民35:33]；[申12:16]；[申12:23]；[申12:23]；[申21:7]；[申21:8]；[申21:9]；[書20:3]；[書20:5]；[書20:9]；[王下3:22]；[賽59:3]；[哀4:14]；[結33:25]；
4）他的血（12）[創9:6]；[創42:22]；[利20:9]；[書2:19]；[書2:19]；[結3:18]；[結3:20]；[結18:13]；[結33:4]；[結33:5]；[結33:6]；[結33:8]；
5）血中（11）[創49:11]；[利4:17]；[利14:51]；[申32:42]；[詩30:9]；[詩68:23]；[賽9:5]；[結16:6]；[結16:6]；[結16:6]；[結16:22]；
6）他們的血（9）[利20:11]；[利20:12]；[利20:13]；[利20:27]；[詩72:14]；[詩79:3]；[賽34:3]；[珥3:21]；[番1:17]；
7）人血（8）[結18:10]；[結22:3]；[結22:6]；[結22:12]；[結22:27]；[結23:45]；[結33:25]；[彌3:10]；
8）流血（6）[申19:10]；[賽33:15]；[結7:23]；[結38:22]；[何4:2]；[何4:2]；
9）流人血（6）[撒下16:8]；[詩26:9]；[詩55:23]；[詩59:2]；[結22:2]；[彌7:2]；
10）那血（5）[利9:12]；[撒下14:11]；[代下29:22]；[代下29:22]；[詩106:38]；
11）血的（5）[創4:10]；[創9:6]；[利12:5]；[申27:25]；[耶48:10]；
12）她的血（3）[利12:7]；[利15:25]；[王下9:33]；
13）這流人血（3）[結24:6]；[結24:9]；[鴻3:1]；
14）（那）血的（3）[申19:6]；[撒上14:32]；[撒上14:34]；
15）（那）血中（3）[創37:31]；[利4:6]；[利9:9]；
16）你的血（3）[王上2:37]；[結21:32]；[結32:6]；
17）之血（3）[創9:5]；[王上2:5]；[箴28:17]；
18）流（2）[申17:8]；[代下19:10]；
19）我的血（2）[撒上26:20]；[伯16:18]；
20）人的血（2）[箴1:16]；[結22:4]；
21）其血（2）[利19:16]；[結24:8]；
22）人血的（2）[結16:38]；[結22:9]；
23）負流血之罪（2）[出22:2]；[出22:3]；
24）牠的血（2）[利1:15]；[利17:14]；
25）你們好流血（1）[詩139:19]；
26）和血（1）[結44:7]；
27）與血（1）[結44:15]；
28）流人之血（1）[箴1:11]；
29）流人血的罪（1）[詩51:14]；
30）好流血（1）[詩5:6]；
31）有血（1）[珥2:30]；
32）流人血的（1）[詩9:12]；
33）的血中（1）[詩58:10]；
34）自己的血（1）[箴1:18]；
35）你的安息中（1）[結19:10]；
36）願我的血（1）[耶51:35]；
37）和流血（1）[結5:17]；
38）流血的事（1）[結9:9]；
39）所流的血（1）[結24:7]；
40）使血（1）[結28:23]；
41）為要流人血（1）[箴12:6]；
42）好流人血（1）[箴29:10]；
43）將自己的血（1）[賽49:26]；
44）的血仇（1）[代下24:25]；
45）（那）血的物（1）[撒上14:33]；
46）那血中（1）[利17:11]；
47）經（1）[利15:19]；
48）其血中（1）[利17:14]；
49）血的物（1）[利19:26]；
50）她血（1）[利20:18]；
51）的血上（1）[利14:17]；
52）產血（1）[利12:4]；
53）（那些）血（1）[創4:11]；
54）是血（1）[出4:26]；
55）這血（1）[出12:13]；
56）羊的血（1）[利4:30]；
57）和那血（1）[申12:27]；
58）那血的（1）[申19:12]；
59）（那）自己的血裏（1）[撒下20:12]；
60）那流血的（1）[撒下21:1]；
61）故此他們被流的血（1）[王上2:33]；
62）血阿（1）[王下3:23]；
63）你這流人血（1）[撒下16:7]；
64）你流人的血（1）[撒下1:16]；
65）將血（1）[申22:8]；
66）汁（1）[申32:14]；
67）流血的（1）[申32:43]；
68）和他們的血（1）[士9:24]；
69）血（1）[王下9:26]