ἄχρι and ἄχρις

(v. sub fin.):

I Adv.

1. to the uttermost, τένοντε καὶ ὀστέα λᾶας ἀναιδὴς ἄχρις ἀπηλοίησεν Il. 4.522; ἀπὸ δ’ ὀστέον ἄχρις ἄραξε 16.324, cf. 17.599.

2. after Hom., before Preps., ἄχρι εἰς Κοτύωρα X. An. 5.5.4; ἄ. ἐς ποταμόν Tab.Heracl. 1.17; ἄχρι πρὸς τὸν σκοπόν, πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, Luc. Nigr. 36, Herm. 24; ἄχρις ἐπ’ ἄκνηστιν A.R. 4.1403; ἐπ’ ὀστέον IG 12(7).115.9 (Amorgos); ἄχρι ἐπὶ πολὺ τῶν πλευρῶν Thphr. Char. 19.3; ἄχρις ἐς ἠῶ Q.S. 6.177; ἄχρι ὑπὸ τὴν πυγήν Luc. DMort. 27.4: less freq. after the Noun, ἐς τέλος ἄχρις Q.S. 2.617, cf. Nonn. D. 5.153, etc.: rarely c. acc., ἄχρι.. θρόνον ἦλθεν IG 14.2012 (Sulp. Max.): with an Adv., ἄχρι πόρρω still farther, Luc. Am. 12; ἄχρι δεῦρο S.E. M. 8.401.

II Pr with gen., even to, as far as,

1 of Time, until, ἄχρι μάλα κνέφαος until deep in the night, Od. 18.370; ἄχρι τῆς τήμερον ἡμέρας D. 9.28; ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἄχρι τῆς τελευτῆς Id. 18.179; ἄχρι γήρως Apollod.Com. 2; ἄχρι δὲ τούτου until then, Sol. 13.35; ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν Timostr. 1, Rom 8:22; ἄχρι νῦν Luc. Tim. 39, LXX Gen 44:28; ἄχρι παντός continually, Plu. Cic. 6.

2. of Space, as far as, even to, ἄχρι τῆς ἐσόδου τοῦ ἱροῦ Hdt. 2.138 (who elsewh. has μέχρι) ; ἄ. τῆς ὁδοῦ IG 12.893; ἄ. τῆς πυλίδος SIG 2587.25; ἄ. τοῦ Πειραιῶς D. 18.301; ἔδακνεν ἄχρι τῆς καρδίας Com.Adesp. 475; ἄχρις ἥπατος Ti.Locr. 101a, cf. 100e; ἄχρι τῆς πόλεως D.H. 2.43; ἄ. τοῦ δεῦρο Gal. 10.676: after its case, ἰνίου ἄχρις Euph. 41.

3. of Measure or Degree, ἄχρι τούτου up to this point, D. 23.122; ἄχρι τοῦ μὴ πεινῆν X. Smp. 4.37; ἄχρι τοῦ θορυβῆσαι D. 8.77; ἄ. θανάτου Act 22:4; ἄχρι τῆς πρὸς τὸν πλησίον δοξοκοπίας Polystr. p.19 W.

III as Conj., ἄχρι, ἄχρις with or without οὗ,

1 of Time, until, so long as, ἄχρι οὗ ὅδε ὁ λόγος ἐγράφετο X. HG 6.4.37; ἄχρις ὅτου Epigr.Gr. 314.24 (Smyrna); ἄχρι οὗ ἄν or ἄχρι ἄν with Subj., ἄχρι ἂν σχολάσῃ till he should be at leisure, X. An. 2.3.2; ἄχρις οὗ ἂν δοκέῃ Hp. Fist. 3; ἄχρις ἂν αἱ ἡμέραι παρέλθωσιν Id. Int. 40; ἄχρι ἂν ἔχῃ τὸ ἴδιον ἐντελές [ἡ ἱστορία ] Luc. Hist.Conscr. 9: without ἄν, ἄχρις ῥεύσῃ Bion 1.47; ἄχρι οὗ τελευτήσῃ (v.l. -σει) Hdt. 1.117; ἄχρι οὗ ἐπιλάμψῃ Plu. Aem. 17; ἄχρι ἄν, c. inf., Epist. Mithr. in SIG 741.37: c. inf. only, ἄχρις ἱκέσθαι ὀστέον Q.S. 4.361.

2. of Space, so far as, διώξας, ἄχρι οὗ ἀσφαλὲς ᾤετο εἶναι X. Cyr. 5.4.16: c. subj., αὐξάνεται εἰς μῆκος, ἄχρι οὗ δὴ ἐφίκηται τοῦ ἡλίου Thphr. HP 5.1.8; cf. μέχρι throughout. - poets use ἄχρι or ἄχρις, as the metre requires: in Ion. μέχρι is preferred (v. supr.): but ἄχρι, -ις are more common in Hom. than μέχρι: the only Att. forms are ἄχρι, μέχρι, before both consonants and vowels, cf. Phryn. 6, Moer. 34; and so in Att. Inscrr. (where it is somewhat less freq. than μέχρι): ἄχρι ἄν with hiatus in IG 2.2729, Hegesipp.Com. 1.26; but ἄχρις Men. Sam. 179. - Never in Trag. (ἄχρι, = ṃṃ-χρι, cf. μέχρι.)

ἄχρι achri 49x

    improper prep with the gen., also functioning as a conj, also spelled ἄχρις (Gal 3:19; Heb 3:13; Rev 2:25), with respect to place, as far as; to time, until, during; as a conj., until

G891 — ἄχρι

and ἄχρις (the latter of which in the N. T. is nowhere placed before a consonant, but the former before both vowels and consonants, although euphony is so far regarded that we almost constantly find ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας, ἄχρις οὗ, cf. Buttmann, 10 (9); (Winer's Grammar, 42); and ἄχρι οὗ is not used except in Act 7:18 and Rev 2:25 by L T Tr WH and Luk 21:24 by T Tr WH; (to these instances must now be added 1Co 11:26 T WH; T WH; Rom 11:25 WH (see their Appendix, p. 148); on the usage in secular authors (`where ἄχρι is the only Attic form, but in later authors the epic ἄχρις prevailed', Liddell and Scott, under the word) cf. Lobeck, Pathol. Elementa, vol. ii., p. 210f; Rutherford, New Phryn., p. 64; further, Klotz ad Devar. vol. ii. 1, p. 230f)); a particle indicating the terminus ad quem. (On its use in the Greek writings cf. Klotz as above, p. 224ff). It has the force now of a preposition now of a conjunction, even to; until, to the time that; (on its derivation see below).

1. as a preposition it takes the genitive (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 54, 6), and is used a. of place: Act 11:5; Act 13:6; Act 20:4 (T Tr marginal reading WH omit; Tr text brackets); Act 28:15; 2Co 10:13; Heb 4:12 (see μερισμός, 2); Rev 14:20; Rev 18:5.

b. of Time: ἄχρι καιροῦ, until a season that seemed to him opportune, Luk 4:13 (but cf. καιρός, 2 a.); until a certain time, for a season, Act 13:11; (ἄχρι (vel μέχρι, which see 1 a.) τοῦ θερισμοῦ, Mat 13:30 WH marginal reading cf. ἕως, II. 5); ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας until the day that etc. Mat 24:38; Luk 1:20; Luk 17:27; Act 1:2; (ἄχρι (Rec. et al. ἕως) τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς, Act 1:22 Tdf.); ἄχρι ταύτης τῆς ἡμέρας and ἄχρι τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης, Act 2:29; Act 23:1; Act 26:22; ἄχρι (ἄχρις R G) ἡμερῶν πέντε even to the space of five days, i. e. after (A. V. in) five days, Act 20:6; ἄχρις (ἄχρι T Tr WH) αὐγῆς, Act 20:11; ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν, Rom 8:22; Phi 1:5; ἄχρι τέλους, Heb 6:11; Rev 2:26; see besides, Act 3:21; (Act 22:22); Rom 1:13; Rom 5:13; 1Co 4:11; 2Co 3:14; Gal 4:2; Phi 1:6 (ἄχρι L T WH).

c. of Manner and Degree: ἄχρι θανάτου, Act 22:4 (even to delivering unto death); Rev 2:10 (to the enduring of death itself); Rev 12:11; and, in the option of many interpreters, Heb 4:12 (see μερισμός, 2).

d. joined to the relative οὗ (ἄχρις οὗ for ἄχρι τούτου, ᾧ) it has the force of a conjunction, until, to the time that: followed by the indicative preterite, of things that actually occurred and up to the beginning of which something continued, Act 7:18 (ἄχρις οὗ ἀνέστη βασιλεύς); . followed by a subjunctive aorist having the force of a future perfect, Luk 21:24 L T Tr WH; Rom 11:25; 1Co 11:26 (Rec. ἄχρις οὗ ἄν); Gal 3:19 (not WH text (see 2 below)); Gal 4:19 (T Tr WH μεχρες); Rev 7:3 Rec.elz G; ἄχρις οὗ ἄν until, whenever it may be (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 42, 5 b.), 1Co 15:25 (Rec.); Rev 2:25. with indicative present as long as: Heb 3:13; cf. Bleek at the passage and Buttmann, 231 (199).

2. ἄχρις without οὗ has the force of a simple conjunction, until, to the time that: followed by subjunctive aorist, Luk 21:24 R G; Rev 7:3 L T Tr WH; ; (Rev 17:17 Rec.); Rev 20:3 ( G L T Tr WH); with indicative future, Rev 17:17 (L T Tr WH); (ἄχρις ἄν followed by subjunctive aorist, Gal 3:19 WH text (see 1 d. above)). Since ἄχρι is akin to ἀκή and ἄκρος (but cf. Vanicek, p. 22; Curtius, § 166), and μέχρι to μῆκος, μακρός, by the use of the former particle the reach to which a thing is said to extend is likened to a height, by use of μέχρι, to a length; ἄχρι, indicating ascent, signifies up to; μέχρι, indicating extent, is unto, as far as; cf. Klotz as above, p. 225f. But this primitive distinction is often disregarded, and each particle used of the same thing; cf. ἄχρι τέλους, Heb 6:11; μέχρι τέλους, Heb 3:6, Heb 3:14; Xenophon, symp. 4, 37 περιεστι μοι καί ἐσθίοντι ἀρχι τοῦ μή πεινην ἀφίκεσθαι καί πινοντι μέχρι τοῦ μή διψην. Cf. Fritzsche on Rom 5:13, vol i., p. 308ff;.(Ellicott on 2Ti 2:9. Ἄχρι occurs 20 times in the writings of Luke; elsewhere in the four Gospels only in Mat 24:38.).

ἄχρι

(and Epic ἄχρις , bef. vowel ( v. MM , s.v. ), Rom 11:25 T , Gal 3:19 T , WH , mg ., Heb 3:13);

1. adv. , utterly ( Hom .).

2. Prep . c . gen ., until, unto, as far as;

(a) of time Act 3:21; Act 22:22, Rom 1:13; Rom 5:13, 1Co 4:11 , 2Co 3:14, Gal 4:2, Php 1:6; ἄ . καιροῦ , Luk 4:13, Act 13:11; ἄ . ἧς ἡμέρας , Mat 24:38, Luk 1:20; Luk 17:27, Act 1:2 ( τῆς ἡ . ἧς ), Act 1:22; ἄ . ταύτης τ . ἡμέρας ( τ . ἡ . ταύτης ), Act 2:29; Act 23:1; Act 26:22; ἄ . ἡμερων πέντε , Act 20:6; ἄ . αὐ y ῆς , Act 20:11; ἄ . τοῦ νῦν , Rom 8:22, Php 1:5; ἄ . τέλους , Heb 6:11, Rev 2:26;

(b) of space: Act 11:5; Act 13:6; Act 20:4 ( R , txt ., WH , mg .) 28:15, 2Co 10:13-14, Heb 4:12, Rev 14:20; Rev 18:5;

( c ) of measure or degree: ἄ . θανάτου , Act 22:4, Rev 2:10; Rev 12:11.

3. As conj., until;

(a) ἄχρι alone: c . subj . aor. , Gal 3:19 ( ἄ . οὗ T , WH , mg .); id . without ἄν (Bl., § 65, 10), Rev 7:3; Rev 15:8; Rev 20:3; Rev 20:5; c . indic . fut ., Rev 17:17;

(b) ἄ . οὗ ( i.e . ἄ .. τούτου ᾧ ): c . indic . aor. , Act 7:18; impf ., 27:33; c . subj. aor. (Bl., ut supr .), Luk 21:24, Rom 11:25, 1Co 11:26 ; 1Co 15:25, Gal 3:19, T , WH , mg .; id . with ἄν , Rev 2:25; c . indic . pres., while, Heb 3:13 ( cf. μέχρι ). †

詞類次數：介詞（49）

原文字根：直到

字義溯源：直到，等到，等，到，等候，就⋯而論，甚至，至於，只要，趁著，暫且；源自（G206（ἄκρον）*=極度）。這字有三方面的功用：

1）當副詞；到極限，全然地

2）當介詞；直到（時間），像那樣遠（地方）

3）當連詞；等到，及至。這字在新約多用作介詞或連詞。

同義字：1）G891（ἄχρι）直到 2）G2193（ἕως）直等到

出現次數：總共（49）；太（1）；路（4）；徒（16）；羅（4）；林前（3）；林後（3）；加（2）；腓（2）；來（3）；啓（11）

譯字彙編：

1）直到（21）太24:38；路1:20；路21:24；徒2:29；徒7:18；徒13:6；徒20:6；徒20:11；徒22:4；徒23:1；徒26:22；徒27:33；羅8:22；林前4:11；林後3:14；加4:2；腓1:5；腓1:6；來4:12；啓15:8；啓17:17；

2）到（9）路17:27；徒20:4；徒22:22；徒28:15；羅1:13；林後10:13；林後10:14；啓2:26；啓18:5；

3）直等到（3）林前11:26；啓7:3；啓20:5；

4）等到（3）徒3:21；啓2:25；啓20:3；

5）至（2）啓2:10；啓12:11；

6）直等（2）羅11:25；林前15:25；

7）一直到（1）啓14:20；

8）直到⋯為止（1）徒1:2；

9）直來⋯跟前（1）徒11:5；

10）在⋯以先（1）羅5:13；

11）等（1）加3:19；

12）等待（1）路4:13；

13）暫（1）徒13:11；

14）趁著（1）來3:13；

15）一直（1）來6:11