Comparative of πρεσβυς presbus (elderly)

πρέσβῠς, Pi. P. 4.282, A. Ag. 530, εως or εος (v. infr. 11 ), ὁ, voc. πρέσβῠ E. Or. 476, Ar. Th. 146: -

old man (poet. for prose πρεσβύτης ), in this sense only used in nom., acc., and voc., ὁ π. Πόλυβος S. OT 941; Φοῖνιξ ὁ π. Id. Ph. 562; δριμὺς π. Ar. Av. 255 (lyr.); πατέρά πρές βυν S. Ph. 665; πρέσβυ Id. OT 1013, 1121; ὦ πρέσβυ E. l. c., Ar. l. c.; ὁ π. the elder, A. Ag. 184 (lyr.), 205 (lyr.), 530; cf. πρέσβα, πρέσβειρα, πρεσβηΐς, πρέσβις: pl. πρέσβεις, elders, three times in Trag., always voc. (v. infr. 111 ), A. Pers. 840, S. OT 1111, E. HF 247; for πρεσβῆ, πρεσβῆες, πρισγεῖες, v. cross πρεσβεύς: Comp. and Sup. are the only forms found in Hom., Comp. πρεσβύτερος, α, ον (late πρεσβυτερωτέρα PLond. 2.177.15 (i A. D.) ), elder, Il. 11.787, 15.204, Hdt. 2.2, etc.; πλεῖν ἢ ’νιαυτῷ by more than a year, Ar. Ra. 18; πρεσβυτέρα ἀριθμοῦ older than the fit number, Pi. Fr. 127; βουλαὶ πρεσβύτεραι thy counsels wise beyond thy years, Id. P. 2.65; γνώμη π. τῆς ἡλικίας D.H. 5.30; οἱ σοφοὶ καὶ π. Arist. EE 1215a23; of animals, Id. HA 546a7; ἵππος π. ἤδη ὤν rather old, PCair.Zen. 225.8 (iii B. C.); also δένδρα π. Thphr. CP 1.13.8; ἐπὶ τὸ π. ἰέναι become older, Pl. Lg. 631e; ἵνα μὴ π. ὢν ῥέμβωμαι in my old age, PCair. Zen. 447.9 (iii B. C.): Sup. πρεσβύτατος, η, ον, eldest, Il. 4.59, 11.740, Hes. Th. 234, etc.; π. γενεῇ Il. 6.24; as a term of respect, ἐγὼ παλαιότατός εἰμι σὺ δὲ π. Plu. Nic. 15; of animals, Arist. HA 546a4, al.: for the poet. forms πρέσβιστος, πρεσβίστατος, v. cross πρέσβιστος, and cf. πρεῖγυς.

2. Comp. and Sup., of things, more or most important, taking precedence, esp. πρεσβύτερόν τι (or οὐδὲν ) ἔχειν deem higher, more important, τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πρεσβύτερα ἐποιεῦντο ἢ τὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν Hdt. 5.63; οὐδὲν πρεσβύτερον νομίζω τᾶς σωφροσύνας E. Fr. 959 (lyr.); ἐμοὶ οὐδέν ἐστι πρεσβύτερον τοῦ . . Pl. Smp. 218d; πρεσβύτατον κρἰναί τι Th. 4.61; merely of magnitude, πρεσβύτερον κακοῦ κακόν one evil greater than another, S. OT 1365 (lyr.); χρεῶν πάντων πρεσβύτατα Pl. Lg. 717b . Adv., -τέρωσγυμναστικὴν μουσικῆς τετιμηκέναι Id. R. 548c, cf. Jul. Or. 4.132c .

II = cross πρεσβευτής, ambassador, in nom. sg. only cj. in A. Supp. 727 (v. πρέσβη ) and in Prov. ap. Sch. Il. 4.394 (v. πρέσβις (A)); gen. πρέσβεως Ar. Ach. 93 (at end of line); πρέσβεος Choerob. in Theod. 1.233: dual πρέσβει (written πρεσβε ) IG 12(1).977.45,57 (Carpathos, iv B. C. ): pl. πρέσβεις, Dor. un contr. πρέσβεες ib.14.952.11 (Acragas, iii B. C. ) (at first more freq. than πρεσβευταί (q. v.)), Ar. Ach. 61, IG 12.52.1, 22.1.20, al., D. 19.183; acc. πρέσβεις IG 12.46.24, Foed. ap. Th. 4.118, X. HG 4.8.13; gen. πρέσβεων, dat. πρέσβεσι, Ar. Ach. 76, 62, IG 22.1.7.

III at Sparta a political title, president, τῶν ἐφόρων ib.5(1).51.6, 552.11; νομοφυλάκων ib.555b19; βιδέων ib.556.6; συναρχίας ib.504.16; τῆς φυλῆς ib.564.3; [ σφαιρέων ] ib.675.5; gen. sg. πρέσβεως ib. 504.16, al.

2. Comp. πρεσβύτερος, elder, alderman, τῆς κώμης BGU 195.30 ( ii A. D., pl.), cf. POxy. 2121.4 (iii A. D.), etc.; ἐκρίθημεν ἐπί τε Νουμηνίου καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν π. PCair.Zen. 520.4 (iii B. C.), cf. UPZ 124.22, 36 (ii B. C.); τοῖς ἱερεῦσι καὶ ( both ) τοῖς π. καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις πᾶσι OGI 194.3 (Egypt, i B. C. ); οἱ π. τῶν ὀλυροκόπων ib.729 (Alexandria, iii B. C. ); π. τῶν γεωργῶν PTeb. 13.5 (ii B. C.); π. γέρδιοι IGRom. 1.1122 (Theadelphia, ii A. D. ); τέκτονες π. ib.1155 (Ptolemaïs Hermiu, i A. D. ): elder of the Jewish Sanhedrin, Ev.Mat 16:21, etc.; later, elder of the Christian Church, presbyter, Act 11:30, Act 20:17, 1Ti 5:19, POxy. 1162.1 (iv A. D.), etc.; of the Apostles, 2Jn 1:1; 2Jn 1:3 2Jn 1:1. wren, Arist. HA 609a17, 615a19, Hsch.; cf. σπέργυς. ( -βυ-, Cret. -γυ- (in πρεῖγυς ), cogn. with Skt. -gu in vanar-gú- ’one who lives or moves in the forest’, Lith. žmogùs ’man’ (lit. ’one who moves on the ground’); πρες- cogn. with Lat. prae, pris-tinus; the oldest sense of π. is ’going in front, taking precedence’.)

πρεσβύτερος presbyteros 66x

    elder, senior; older, more advanced in years, Luk 15:25; Joh 8:9; Act 2:17;

    an elder in respect of age, person advanced in years, 1Ti 5:1-2;

    pl. spc. ancients, ancestors, fathers, Mat 15:2; Heb 11:2;

    as an appellation of dignity, an elder, local dignitary, Luk 7:3;

    an elder, member of the Jewish Sanhedrin, Mat 16:21; Mat 21:23; Mat 26:3; Mat 26:47; Mat 26:57; Mat 26:59;

    an elder or presbyter of the Christian church, Act 11:30; Act 14:23, et al. freq. elder; older.

G4245 — πρεσβύτερος

πρεσβυτέρα, πρεσβύτερον (comparitive of πρέσβυς) (from Homer down), elder; used:

1. of age;

a. where two persons are spoken of, the elder: ὁ υἱός ὁ πρεσβύτερος (Aelian v. h. 9, 42), Luk 15:25.

b. universally, advanced in life, an elder, a senior: opposed to νεανίσκοι, Act 2:17; opposed to νεώτερος, 1Ti 5:1f (Gen 18:11f; Wis. 8:10; Sir. 6:34 (33); Sir. 7:14>; 2 Macc. 8:30). οἱ πρεσβύτεροι (A. V. the elders), forefathers, Heb 11:2; παράδοσις (which see) τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, received from the fathers, Mat 15:2; Mar 7:3, Mar 7:5.

2. a term of rank or office; as such borne by,

a. among the Jews, α. members of the great council or Sanhedrin (because in early times the rulers of the people, judges, etc., were selected from the elderly men): Mat 16:21; Mat 26:47, Mat 26:57, Mat 26:59 Rec.; Mat 27:3,12,20,41; 28:12>; Mar 8:31; Mar 11:27; Mar 14:43, Mar 14:53; Mar 15:1; Luk 9:22; Luk 20:1; Luk 22:52; Joh 8:9; Act 4:5, Act 4:23; Act 6:12; Act 23:14; Act 24:1; with the addition of τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, Act 4:8 R G; of τῶν Ἰουδαίων, Act 25:15; of τοῦ λαοῦ, Mat 21:23; Mat 26:3; Mat 27:1. β. those who in the separate cities managed public affairs and administered justice: Luk 7:3. (Cf. BB. DD., under the word .)

b. among Christians, those who presided over the assemblies (or churches): Act 11:30; Act 14:23; Act 15:2, Act 15:4, Act 15:6, Act 15:22; Act 16:4; Act 21:18; 1Ti 5:17, 1Ti 5:19; Tit 1:5; 2Jo 1:1; 3Jo 1:1; 1Pe 5:1, 1Pe 5:5; with τῆς ἐκκλησίας added, Act 20:17; Jam 5:14. That they did not differ at all from the (ἐπίσκοποι) bishops or overseers (as is acknowledged also by Jerome on Tit 1:5 (cf. Lightfoot's Commentary on Philippians, pp. 98f, 229f)) is evident from the fact that the two words are used indiscriminately, Act 20:17, Act 20:28; Tit 1:5, Tit 1:7, and that the duty of presbyters is described by the terms ἐπισκοπεῖν, 1Pe 5:1f, and ἐπισκοπή, Clement of Rome, 1 Cor. 44, 1 [ET]; accordingly only two ecclesiastical officers, οἱ ἐπίσκοποι and οἱ διάκονοι, are distinguished in Phi 1:1; 1Ti 3:1, 1Ti 3:8. The title ἐπίσκοπος denotes the function, πρεσβύτερος the dignity; the former was borrowed from Greek institutions, the latter from the Jewish; cf. (Lightfoot, as above, pp. 95ff, 191ff); Ritschl, Die Entstehung der altkathol. Kirche, edition 2, p. 350ff; Hase, Protest. Polemik, edition 4, p. 98ff; (Hatch, Bampton Lects. for 1880, Lect. 3 and Harnack's Analecten appended to the German translation of the same (p. 229ff); also Harnack's note on Clement of Rome, 1 Cor. 1, 3 [ET] (cf. references at 44 at the beginning), and Hatch in Dict. of Christ. Antiq., under the word . Cf. ἐπίσκοπος.). the twenty-four members of the heavenly Sanhedrin or court, seated on thrones around the throne of God: Rev 4:4, Rev 4:10; Rev 5:5, Rev 5:6, Rev 5:8, Rev 5:11, Rev 5:14; Rev 7:11, Rev 7:13; Rev 11:16; Rev 14:3; Rev 19:4.

πρέσβυς , - εως , ὁ ,

poët. form of πρεσβύτης ( q.v. ),

[in LXX ( = πρεσβευτής , an ambassador): Num 21:20 (21), al. (H4397), Isa 13:8; Isa 57:9 (H6735), 1Ma 9:70 , al .;]

an old man.

Compar.,

πρεσβύτερος , - α , - ον ,

[in LXX chiefly for H2204;]

1. of age, elder: ὁ νἱὸς ὁ Papyri, Luk 15:25; as subst ., opp . to νεανίσκοι , Act 2:17; to νεώτερος , 1Ti 5:1-2; of the religious leaders of the past, Mat 15:2, Mar 7:3; Mar 7:5, Heb 11:2 ( = οἱ πατέρες , Heb 1:1).

2. Of dignity, rank or office (as found in Papyri and Inscr . of civil and religious offices, including priesthood, in Asia Minor and in Egypt; v. Deiss., BS , 154 ff ., 233 If.; LAE , 373);

(a) among Jews: Mat 16:21; Mat 26:47; Mat 26:57; Mat 27:3; Mat 27:12; Mat 27:20; Mat 27:41; Mat 28:12, Mar 8:31; Mar 11:27; Mar 14:43; Mar 14:53; Mar 15:1, Luk 7:3; Luk 9:22; Luk 20:1; Luk 22:52, Joh 8:9, Act 4:5; Act 4:8; Act 4:23; Act 6:12; Act 23:14; Act 24:1; τ . Ἰουνδαίων , Act 25:15; τ . λαοῦ , Mat 21:23; Mat 26:3; Mat 27:1;

(b) among Christians: Act 11:30; Act 14:23; Act 15:2; Act 15:4; Act 15:6; Act 15:22-23; Act 16:4; Act 21:18, 1Ti 5:17 ; 1Ti 5:19, Tit 1:5, 2Jn 1:1, 3Jn 1:1, 1Pe 5:1 ; 1Pe 5:5; τ . ἐκκλησίας , Act 20:17, Jas 5:14;

(c) in the visions of the Apocalypse: Rev 4:4; Rev 4:10; Rev 5:5-6; Rev 5:8; Rev 5:11; Rev 5:14; Rev 7:11; Rev 7:13; Rev 11:16; Rev 14:3; Rev 19:4.

(On the NT use of this word and its relation to ἐπίσκοπος ( q.v. ), cf. Lft ., Phi., 93 ff ., 189 ff .; CGT , Past. Epp., lvi ff .) †

πρεσβύτερος , see πρέσβυς .

詞類次數：形容詞（67）

原文字根：（更加）年長的 相當於：H2204（זָקֵן‎） H2205（זָקֵן‎）

字義溯源：長老，作長老的，年長的，大，老的，老年人，古人的，老年婦女；源自（G4243（πρεσβεύω）X*=年老的）。在四福音中說到的長老，是指猶太公會的長老。使徒行傳時，才開始選立教會的長老。在書信中就說到作長老（或監督）的條件

出現次數：總共（65）；太（11）；可（7）；路（5）；約（1）；徒（18）；提前（4）；多（1）；來（1）；雅（1）；彼前（2）；約貳（1）；約叄（1）；啓（12）

譯字彙編：

1）長老（49）太16:21；太21:23；太26:3；太26:47；太26:57；太27:1；太27:3；太27:12；太27:41；太28:12；可8:31；可11:27；可14:43；可14:53；可15:1；路7:3；路9:22；路20:1；路22:52；徒4:5；徒4:23；徒6:12；徒11:30；徒14:23；徒15:2；徒15:4；徒15:6；徒15:22；徒16:4；徒20:17；徒21:18；徒23:14；徒24:1；徒25:15；提前5:17；多1:5；雅5:14；啓4:4；啓4:10；啓5:5；啓5:6；啓5:8；啓5:11；啓5:14；啓7:11；啓7:13；啓11:16；啓14:3；啓19:4；

2）古人（3）可7:3；可7:5；來11:2；

3）作長老的（3）徒15:23；約貳1:1；約叄1:1；

4）老年人（2）徒2:17；提前5:1；

5）長老的（1）提前5:19；

6）長老們（1）彼前5:1；

7）年長的（1）彼前5:5；

8）老年婦女（1）提前5:2；

9）大（1）路15:25；

10）古人的（1）太15:2；

11）長老阿（1）徒4:8；

12）老的（1）約8:9