δαίμων, ονος,
voc. δαίμων S. OC 1480 (lyr.), δαῖμον Theoc. 2.11, ὁ, ἡ,
I
1. god, goddess, of individual gods or goddesses, Il. 1.222, 3.420, etc.; δαίμονι ἶσος 5.438; ἐμίσγετο δαίμονι δαίμων, of Φιλίη and Νεῖκος, Emp. 59.1: - but more freq. of the Divine power (while θεός denotes a God in person), the Deity, cf. Od. 3.27; πρὸς δαίμονα against the Divine power, Il. 17.98; σὺν δαίμονι by its grace, 11.792; κατὰ δαίμονα, almost, = τύχῃ, by chance, Hdt. 1.111; τύχᾳ δαίμονος Pi. O. 8.67; ἄμαχος δ., i. e. Destiny, B. 15.23: in pl., ὅτι δαίμονες θέλωσιν, what the Gods ordain, Id. 16.117; ταῦτα δ’ ἐν τῷ δ. S. OC 1443; ἡ τύχη καὶ ὁ δ. Lys. 13.63, cf. Aeschin. 3.111; κατὰ δαίμονα καὶ συντυχίαν Ar. Av. 544.
2. the power controlling the destiny of individuals: hence, one’s lot or forlune, δτυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δ. Od. 5.396, cf. 10.64; δαίμονος αἶσα κακή 11.61; δαίμονα δώσω I will deal thee fate, i.e. kill thee, I 1.8.166; freq. in Trag. of good or ill fortune, ὅταν ὁ δ. εὐροῇ A. Pers. 601; δ. ἀσινής Id. Ag. 1342 (lyr.); κοινός Id. Th. 812; γενναῖος πλὴν τοῦ δαίμονος S. OC 76; δαίμονος σκληρότης Antipho 3.3.4; τὸν οἴακα στρέφει δ. ἑκάστψ Anaxandr. 4.6; personified as the good or evil genius of a family or person, δ. τῷπλεισθενιδῶν A. Ag. 1569, cf. S. OT 1194 (lyr.); ὁ ἑκάστου δ. Pl. Phd. 107d, cf. PMag.Lond. 121.505, Iamb. Myst. 9.1; ὁ δ. ὁ τὴν ἡμετέραν μοῖραν λελογχώς Lys. 2.78; ἅπαντι δ. ἀνδρι συμπαρίσταται εὐθὺς γενομένῳ μυσταγωγὸς τοῦ βίου Men. 16.2 D.; δ. ἀλάστορες Id. 8D.; ὁ μέγας [τοῦ Καίσαρος] δ. Plu. Caes. 69; ὁ σὸς δ. κακός ibid.; ὁ βασιλέως δ. Id. Art. 15; ἦθος ἀνθρώπῳ δ. Heraclit. 119; Ξενοκράτης φησὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἑκάστου εἶναι δ. Arist. Top. 112a37.
II δαίμονες, οἱ,
1. souls of men of the golden age, acting as tutelary deities, Hes. Op. 122, Thgn. 1348, Phoc. 15, Emp. 115.5, etc.; θεῶν, δ., ἡρώων, τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου Pl. R. 392a: less freq. in sg., δαίμονι δ’ οἷος ἔησθα τὸ ἐργάζεσθαι ἄμεινον Hes. Op. 314; τὸν τὲ δ. Δαρεῖον ἀγκαλεῖσθε, of the deified Darius, A. Pers. 620; νῦν δ’ ἐστὶ μάκαιρα δ., of Alcestis, E. Alc. 1003 (lyr.), cf. IG 12(5).305.5 (Paros): later, of departed souls, Luc. Luct. 24; δαίμοσιν εὐσεβέσιν, = Dis Manibus, IG 14.1683; so θεοὶ δ., ib.938, al.: also, ghost, Paus. 6.6.8.
2. generally, spiritual or semi-divine being inferior to the Gods, Plu. 2.415a, al., Sallust. 12, Dam. Pr. 183, etc.; esp. evil spirit, demon, [Mat 8:31], J. AJ 8.2.5; φαῦλοι δ. Alex.Aphr. Pr. 2.46; δαίμονος ἔσοδος εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, Aret. SD 1.4; πρᾶξις ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας PMag.Par. 1227.
3. ἀγαθὸς δ. the Good Genius to whom a toast was drunk after dinner, Ar. V. 525, Nicostr.Com. 20, D.S. 4.3, Plu. 2.655e, Philonid. ap. Ath. 15.675b, Paus. 9.39.5, IG 12(3).436 (Thera), etc.; of Nero, ἀ. δ. τῆς οἰκουμένης OGI 666.3; of the Nile, ἀ. δ. ποταμός ib.672.7 (i A.D.); of the tutelary genius of individuals (supr. 1), ἀ. δ. Ποσειδωνίου SIG 1044.9 (Halic.): pl., δαίμονες ἀ., = Lat. Di Manes, SIG 1246 (Mylasa): Astrol., ἀγαθός, κακός δ., names of celestial κλῆροι, Paul.Al. N. 4, O. 1, etc. (Less correctly written Ἀγαθοδαίμων, q.v.). = δαήμων, knowing, δ. μάχης skilled in fight, Archil. 3.4. (Pl. Cra. 398b, suggests this as the orig. sense; while others would write δαήμονες in Archil., and get rid of this sense altogether; cf. however αἵμων. More probably the Root of δαίμων (deity) is δαίω to distribute destinies;; cf. Alcm. 48.)