γέεννα, ης, ἡ,

Hebr. gé-hinnóm, the valley of Hinnom, which represented the place of future punishment, Mat 5:22, al.

γέεννα geenna 12x

    Gehenna, pr. the valley of Hinnom, south of Jerusalem, once celebrated for the horrid worship of Moloch, and afterwards polluted with every species of filth, as well as the carcasses of animals, and dead bodies of malefactors; to consume which, in order to avert the pestilence which such a mass of corruption would occasion, constant fires were kept burning; hence, hell, the fires of Tartarus, the place of punishment in Hades, Mat 5:22; Mat 5:29-30; Mat 10:28; Mat 18:9, et al. hell.

G1067 — γηννα

(others would accent γηννα, deriving it through the Chaldee. In Mar 9:45 Rec.st γηνα), γηνης (Buttmann, 17 (15)), ἡ, (from הִנֹּם גֵּי, Neh 11:30; more fully בֶּן־הִנֹּם גֵּיא, Jos 15:8; Jos 18:16; 2Ch 28:3; Jer 7:32; בְּנֵי־הִנֹּם גֵּי, 2Ki 23:10 Kethibh; Chaldean גְּהִנָם, the valley of the son of lamentation, or of the sons of lamentation, the valley of lamentation, הִנֹּם being used for נִהֹם lamentation; see Hiller, Onomasticum; cf. Hitzig (and Graf) on Jer 7:31; (Böttcher, De Inferis, i., p. 82ff); accusative to the common opinion הִנֹּם is the name of a man), Gehenna, the name of a valley on the south and east of Jerusalem (yet apparently beginning on the Winer's Grammar, cf. Jos 15:8; Pressel in Herzog, under the word), which was so called from the cries of the little children who were thrown into the fiery arms of Moloch (which see), i. e. of an idol having the form of a bull. The Jews so abhorred the place after these horrible sacrifices had been abolished by king Josiah (2Ki 23:10), that they cast into it not only all manner of refuse, but even the dead bodies of animals and of unburied criminals who had been executed. And since fires were always needed to consume the dead bodies, that the air might not become tainted by the putrefaction, it came to pass that the place was called γηννα τοῦ πυρός (this common explanation of the descriptive genitive τοῦ πυρός is found in Rabbi David Kimchi (fl. circa A.D. 1200) on Psa 27:13. Some suppose the genitive to refer not to purifying fires but to the fires of Moloch; others regard it as the natural symbol of penalty (cf. Lev 10:2; Num 16:35; Num 16:2 Kings 1; Psa 11:6; also Mat 3:11; Mat 13:42; 2Th 1:8, etc.). See Böttcher, as above, p. 84; Meyer (Thol.) Wetstein (1752) on Mat 5:22); and then this name was transferred to that place in Hades where the wicked after death will suffer punishment: Mat 5:22, Mat 5:29; Mat 10:28; Luk 12:5; Mar 9:43, Mar 9:45; Jam 3:6; γηννα τοῦ πυρός, Mat 5:22; Mat 18:9; Mar 9:47 (R G Tr marginal reading brackets); κρίσις τῆς γηννης, Mat 23:33; υἱός τῆς γηννης, worthy of punishment in Gehenna, Mat 23:15. Further, cf. Dillmann, Buch Henoch, 27, 1f, p. 131f; (B. D. American edition; Böttcher, as above, p. 80ff; Hamburger, Real-Encycl., Abth. I. under the word Hölle; Bartlett, Life and Death eternal, Appendix H.).

† γέεννα

( γέενα , Mar 9:45, Rec. ), - ης , ἡ ,

(perh. through Aram. גֵּיהִנָּם , from Heb . H1516 H2011, Neh 11:30; H2011 ־H1121 H1516, Jos 18:16; H1516 ־H1121 H2011, 2Ki 23:10; valley of ( the son, sons of) lamentation);

[in LXX the nearest approach to γ . is γαίεννα , Jos 18:16 ( Γαὶ Ὁννόμ , A), elsewhere φάραγξ Ὁνόμ (Jos 15:8, a1.), v. Swete on Mar 9:43;]

Gehenna, a valley W. and S. of Jerusalem, which as the site of fire-worship from the time of Ahaz, was desecrated by Josiah and became a dumping-place for the offal of the city. Later, the name was used as a symbol of the place of future punishment, as in NT: Mat 5:29-30; Mat 10:28, Mar 9:43-47, Luk 12:5, Jas 3:6; γ . τ . πυρός , Mat 5:22; Mat 18:19, prob. with ref. to fires of Moloch ( DB, ii, 119b); υἱὸς γεέννης , Mat 23:15; κρίσις γεέννης , Mat 23:33. †

詞類次數：專有名詞（12）

原文字根：峽谷-欣嫩（的） 相當於：H2011（בֶּן־הִנּׄם‎ / הִנּׄם‎） H1121（בֵּן‎ / בְּנׄו‎ / לַבֵּן‎） H1516（גַּיְא‎）

字義溯源：欣嫩子谷，地獄，受刑罰的地方；欣嫩乃是地獄的希伯來語，由（H1516（גַּיְא‎）=山谷）與（H2011（בֶּן־הִנּׄם‎ / הִנּׄם‎）=欣嫩）組成，亦即欣嫩子谷，在耶路撒冷的南邊，供奉假神之地。新約這字除了（雅3:6）用一次外，全用在前三卷福音書中；而都譯為：地獄。有解經家認為，這字是指火湖，最終刑罰的地方（啓20:14,15）。無論如何，不管地獄或火湖，有一件事是確定的，那些不接受主耶穌基督為救主的人，最終必受神的審判與刑罰。參讀G12（ἄβυσσος）的同義字

出現次數：總共（12）；太（7）；可（3）；路（1）；雅（1）

譯字彙編：

1）地獄（11）太5:22；太5:29；太5:30；太10:28；太18:9；太23:33；可9:43；可9:45；可9:47；路12:5；雅3:6；

2）地獄之（1）太23:15