H6083. aphar

עָפָר‎ noun masculine^{Lev 14:42} dry earth, dust; — absolute ׳ע‎ Gen 2:7 +, construct עֲפַר‎ 13:16 +; suffix עֲפָרֵךְ‎ Ezek 26:12, עֲפָרוֺ‎ Deut 9:21, etc.; plural construct עַפְרֹת‎ Job 28:6; Prov 8:26; —

1 literally:

a. dry, loose earth, thrown (in malice) 2Sam 16:13 (|| אֲבָנִים‎); ע ׳וַיַעֲלוּ עַלרֿאֹשׁ‎ Josh 7:6 (J E; sign of grief), so Ezek 27:30; Lam 2:10, and (with זָרַק‎) Job 2:12; loose earth (on surface of ground) 1Kin 18:38; Amos 2:7; Micah 1:10; Isa 34:7, 9; Lev 17:13 (H) Ezek 24:7 (in figurative), Num 5:17; Job 14:19; 38:38; 39:14; Gen 26:15 (R), made into siege works Hab 1:10; of sand-storm Deut 28:24 (+ אָבָק‎); as serpent's food, token of punishment and humiliation, Gen 3:14 (J) Isa 65:25 (compare Micah 7:17 2e below); ע ׳זֹחֲלֵי‎ Deut 32:24 (poem; compare 2e).

b. specifically as material of human body Gen 2:7; 3:19 (J), Eccl 3:20, compare Job 4:19; 8:19; Psa 103:14, to which it returns (אֶלֿ שׁוּב‎) Gen 3:19; Job 10:9; Psa 104:29; Eccl 3:20; so (with עַל‎) Job 34:15; Eccl 12:7.

c. = surface of ground Exod 8:12; 8:13 (twice in verse); (P; ׳ע הָאָרַץ‎), Job 19:25; Isa 25:12; 26:5 (both || אֶרֶץ‎), surface of (whole) earth Job 41:25, ע ׳מְחִלוֺת‎ Isa 2:19 (for hiding), so ׳ע‎ alone 2:10, compare ע ׳חֹרֵי‎ Job 30:6; = soil, 5:6; 14:8.

d. powder of anything pulverized Deut 9:21 (twice in verse) (compare דָּ֑ק‎ || Exod 32:20), 2Kin 23:6 (twice in verse); 23:12, 15, so in simile 2Sam 22:43 = Psa 18:43, hence = ashes 18:4; Num 19:17.

e. debris, of ruined city 1Kin 20:10; Ezek 26:4, 12; Nehemiah 3:34; Neh 4:4; Psa 102:15. The following are late:

f. earth of the grave: ׳לֶע אֶשְׁכַּב‎ Job 7:21, so (with עַל‎) 20:11; 21:26, compare 17:16; ע ׳יוֺרְדֵי‎ Psa 22:30, ע ׳שֹׁכְנֵי‎ Isa 26:19, אַדְמַתעֿ ׳יְשֵׁנֵי‎ Dan 12:2; עֲפַרמָֿוֶת‎ Psa 22:16; ׳ע‎ in figure 30:10.

g. mortar (i.e. dried mud) for plastering houses Lev 14:41-42, 45 (P).

h. (iron-) ore Job 28:2; זָהָב עַפְרֹת‎ 28:6 gold-dust (but see סַמִּיר‎).

i. material of earth Isa 40:12, compare תֵּבֵל עַפְרֹת ראֹשׁ‎ Prov 8:26 the first of the earth particles of the world.

2 figurative:

a. of abundance Gen 13:16 (twice in verse); 28:14 (all J) 2Chr 1:9; Job 27:16; Psa 78:27 (|| יַמִּים חוֺל‎), compare יַעֲקֹב עֲפַר‎ Num 23:10 (JE); with added idea of commonness, worthlessness Zeph 1:7; Zech 9:3.

b. of worthlessness (alone) Job 22:24.

c. simile of the scattered, dispersed 2Kin 13:7; ׳כֶּע‎ Isa 41:2 (so van d. H. Ginsb; Baer ׳כֵּע‎; on meaning see Du Che, reading תְּשִׂימֵם‎ for יִתֵּן‎).

d. of self-abasement Gen 18:27 (+ אֵפַר‎), וָאֵפֶר עַלעֿ ׳וְנִחַמְתִּי‎ Job 42:6, בֶּע ׳יִתֵּן מִּיהוּ‎ Lam 3:29.

e. of humiliation (sitting or lying in dust) Isa 47:1; compare 29:4 (twice in verse), Job 16:15; 40:13; Psa 7:6; 44:26; 119:25, simile Job 30:19; licking dust Psa 72:9; Isa 49:23; Micah 7:17, compare Tel Amarna tikalu ipra (of enemies, see Wkl^{Altor. Forsch. iii. 291}; also of serpent 1a above); of ׳י‎ raising from the dust 1Sam 2:8 = Psa 113:7, 1Kin 16:2; of lifting oneself Isa 52:2.

詞類次數：名詞（110）

原文字根：土；相當於G4081（πηλός） G5522（χόος / χοῦς）

字義溯源：灰塵，塵土，塵埃，塵沙，土，泥土，泥，灰，灰泥，灰土，地土，粉，壘，廢物。出自（H6080（עָפַר‎）*=撒塵）

出現次數：總共（110）；創（9）；出（3）；利（4）；民（3）；申（4）；書（1）；撒上（1）；撒下（2）；王上（3）；王下（6）；代下（1）；尼（2）；伯（26）；詩（13）；箴（1）；傳（3）；賽（15）；哀（2）；結（4）；但（1）；摩（1）；彌（2）；哈（1）；番（1）；亞（1）

譯字彙編：

1）塵土（31）創2:7；創3:14；創3:19；創3:19；創18:27；創28:14；出8:16；出8:17；出8:17；民23:10；王上18:38；伯2:12；伯5:6；伯14:19；伯34:15；伯38:38；伯42:6；詩30:9；詩72:9；詩102:14；詩103:14；詩104:29；箴8:26；賽52:2；賽65:25；哀2:10；結24:7；結26:4；結26:12；摩2:7；彌7:17；

2）（那）塵土（11）民5:17；撒下16:13；王下13:7；伯30:19；詩7:5；詩44:25；詩78:27；詩119:25；傳3:20；傳3:20；傳12:7；

3）塵土中（9）伯8:19；伯16:15；伯17:16；伯19:25；伯20:11；伯21:26；伯39:14；伯41:33；詩22:29；

4）塵埃（5）賽25:12；賽26:5；賽29:4；賽29:4；哀3:29；

5）的塵土（5）撒下22:43；王上20:10；代下1:9；賽40:12；賽49:23；

6）灰塵（4）申9:21；申9:21；王下23:15；詩18:42；

7）灰泥（3）利14:41；利14:42；利14:45；

8）土（3）創26:15；伯30:6；賽2:19；

9）（那）塵土中（3）伯7:21；伯14:8；伯40:13；

10）灰（3）民19:17；王下23:4；王下23:12；

11）（那）土（2）利17:13；尼4:2；

12）（那）灰塵（2）賽41:2；番1:17；

13）塵沙（2）創13:16；創13:16；

14）（那）塵沙（2）伯27:16；亞9:3；

15）灰塵裏（2）撒上2:8；詩113:7；

16）（那）土中（1）賽2:10；

17）塵埃的阿（1）賽26:19；

18）塵埃中（1）賽47:1；

19）灰塵之中（1）彌1:10；

20）壘（1）哈1:10；

21）在塵（1）但12:2；

22）的塵土中（1）詩22:15；

23）它的塵埃（1）賽34:9；

24）把塵土（1）結27:30；

25）他們的塵土（1）賽34:7；

26）和塵土（1）伯7:5；

27）（那）塵埃中（1）王上16:2；

28）粉（1）王下23:6；

29）將塵土（1）書7:6；

30）並土中（1）申32:24；

31）和塵沙（1）申28:24；

32）那灰（1）王下23:6；

33）（那）灰土（1）尼4:10；

34）土裏（1）伯28:2；

35）塵土裏（1）伯22:24；

36）塵土麼（1）伯10:9；

37）（那）塵土裏（1）伯4:19；

38）沙（1）伯28:6