H4196. mizbeach
מִזְבֵּחַ401 noun masculine[Josh 22:10] altar (Arabic , place of slaughter, trench made by torrent, Sabean מדֿבח DHMEpigr. Denkm. 24); ׳מ absolute [2Kin 18:22] 223t., הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה [Exod 29:13] [31]t.; construct מִזְבַּח [20:24] 76t., suffix מִזְבְּחִי [20:26] [7]t., מִזְבַּחֲךָ [1Kin 8:31] [3]t.,מִזְבְּחֶ֑ךָ [Deut 33:10]; מִזְבְּחוֺ [Judg 6:31] [2]t.; plural מִזְבְּחֹת [Num 23:1] [5]t., מִזְבְּחוֺת [2Kin 21:3] [23]t., suffix מִזְבְּחוֺתֶיךָ [Psa 84:4], other suffixes 21 t.; —
1 J E narrate that altars were built by Noah after leaving the ark [Gen 8:20]; by Abraham at Shechem [12:7], Bethel [12:8], Hebron [13:18], mountain in land Moriah [22:9]; by Issac at Beersheba [26:25]; by Jacob at Shechem [33:20] (yet this perhaps mistake for מַצֵּבָה, being object of וַיַּצֶּבשָֿׁם, not elsewhere with מזבח, compare also Di), at Bethel [35:7], by Moses at Rephidim [Exod 17:15], Horeb [24:4], by Balak at Bamoth Baal, Pisgah, & Peor [Num 23:1], [14], [29]; by Joshua on Mt. Ebal [Josh 8:30]: the prophetic histories narrate that altars were built by Gideon at Ophra [Judg 6:24]; by a man of God at Bethel [21:4]; by Samuel at Ramah [1Sam 7:17]; by Saul after Michmash [14:35]; by David on the threshing floor of Ornan [2Sam 24:25] = [1Chr 21:18]; [22:1]; that Solomon sacrificed on the altar at Gibeon [1Kin 3:4] and built altars in the temple at Jerusalem [6:20]; [8:64]; that Jeroboam built an altar at Bethel [12:32] (which was destroyed by Josiah [2Kin 23:15]); and that Elijah repaired an ancient altar on Carmel [1Kin 18:30]. An altar in Egypt is predicted [Isa 19:19]. All this accords with the law of the Covenant code [Exod 20:24-26] which recognises a plurality of altars and prescribes that they shall be built of אֲדָמָה, or of unhewn stones, and without steps. So אֲבָנִים [Deut 27:6] (JE), שְׁלֵמוֺת אֲבָנִים [Josh 8:31], and twelve stones [1Kin 18:30], [32]; compare [Isa 27:9]. The altar was also a place of refuge [Exod 21:24] (JE) [1Kin 1:50-51], [2:28].
2 D prescribes one central altar [Deut 12:5]f. 27; but no attempt to enforce this principle appears before Hezekiah([2Kin 18:4], [22]), and Josiah, whose reform is more effectual, [23:8-20].
3 P limits sacrifices to the altars of the tabernacle. A great altar was built east of the Jordan, but it was according to P only as an עֵד after the pattern of the altar before the Tabernacle [Josh 22:10-34]. P describes two altars:
a. the הָעֹלָה מִזְבַּח [Exod 30:28]; [31:9]; [35:16]; [38:1]; [40:6], [10], [29]; [Lev 4:7], [10], [25] (twice in verse); [4:30], [34] = ׳מ הַנְּחשֶׁת [Exod 38:30]; [39:39], made of acacia wood plated with brass, 5*5*3 cubits in size, with four horns and a network of brass, on which all sacrifices by fire were made [27:1]; Exodus 8; [38:1-7];
b. ׳מ קְטֹרֶת מִקְטַר made of acacia wood plated with gold, 1*1*2 cubits in size, with four horns and a crown of gold [Exod 30:1-6] = ׳מ הקטרת [30:27]; [31:8]; [35:15]; [37:25] = ׳מ הזהב [39:38]; [40:5], [26]; [Num 4:11] = ׳מ הַסַּמִּים קטרת [Lev 4:7]; these altars are named elsewhere only in Chronicles: [1Chr 6:34]; [16:40]; [21:29]; [2Chr 1:5-6],.
4 Solomon made two altars for the temple at Jerusalem:
a. ׳מ הַנְּחשֶׁת for the court [1Kin 8:64] (which was laid aside by Ahaz [2Kin 16:14-15], who made an altar after the model of one he saw in Damascus [16:11]); in [16:14] הַנּ ׳הַמִּזְבַּח (construct form with article) is erroneous, read probably מִזְבַּח compare Ges§ 127. 4 a near the end; this altar, according to Chronicles, measured 20*20*10 cubits [2Chr 4:1]; this (ה)נחשׁת מזבח also [7:7] & [Ezek 9:2]; = ׳מ העולה[2Chr 29:18], repaired by Asa [15:8];
b. an altar of cedar, plated with gold, in the temple before the דְּבִיר [1Kin 6:20], [22]; [7:48]; = ׳מ הזהב[2Chr 4:19]; = ׳מ הַקְּטֹרֶת [1Chr 28:18]; [2Chr 26:16].
5 Ezekiel plans two altars for the new temple:
a. a table of wood 3*2 cubits [Ezek 41:22];
b. an altar for the court, probably same dimensions as 4a, with stairs [Ezek 43:13-17].
6 after the return Jeshua built an altar on the ancient site in the court of the temple [Ezra 3:2].
7 besides these altars used in the worship of Yahweh, Ahab built an altar to Baal in Samaria [1Kin 16:32]; Ahaz made an altar on the roof of the upper chamber, and other kings of Judah made altars in the two courts, all of which were destroyed by Josiah [2Kin 23:12].
8 the ancient and most common term for making altars was בָּנָה [Gen 35:7] (E) [8:20] (J) [Deut 27:5-6], [Exod 32:5] (JE) +, implying building material; other verbs are הֵקִים [2Sam 24:18]; [1Kin 16:32]; [2Kin 21:3]; [1Chr 21:18]; [2Chr 33:3]; הֵכִין [Ezra 3:3] (followed by עַלמְֿכוֺנֹתָו֯); שִׂים [Jer 11:13]; וַיַּצֶּבֿ [Gen 33:20] (but compare
1); [Num 23:4] (E) has עָרַךְ arrange, prepare; עָשָׂה [Gen 35:1], [3]; [Exod 20:24] (E) [Gen 13:4] (J) Judg 22:28; [1Kin 12:33]; [18:26]; this becomes usual in P, [Exod 27:1]; [30:1]; [37:25]; [38:1], [30], Songs [2Chr 4:1], [19]; [7:7]; [28:24].
9 the dedication of the altar was המזבח חֲנֻכַּת [Num 7:10-11], [84], [88]; [2Chr 7:9]; it was anointed with oil מָשַׁח [Exod 40:10]; [Lev 8:11]; [Num 7:10] (all P).
10 removal of unlawful altars is expressed by נָתַץ [Exod 34:13] (JE) [Deut 7:5]; [Judg 2:2]; [6:30-31], [32]; [2Kin 11:18]; [23:12], [15]; נִתַּץ (Pi) [Deut 12:3]; [2Chr 31:1]; [34:4], [7]; נֻתַּץ [Judg 6:28]; הָרַס [6:25]; [1Kin 19:10], [14]; שִׁבַּר[2Chr 23:17]>; הֵסִיר [2Kin 18:22] = [Isa 36:7]; [2Chr 14:2]; [30:14]; [32:12]; [33:15].
11 ministry at the altar was הַמּ ׳מִשְׁמֶרֶת [Num 18:5]; [Ezek 40:46], compare [Num 3:31] (P), מ ׳מְשָֽׁרְתֵי [Joel 1:13]; עַל עָמַד is said of officiating priest [1Kin 13:1], עַל עָלָה [Exod 20:26]; [1Sam 2:28]; [1Kin 12:33] + (compare יָרַד [Lev 9:22]); sacrifices were usually offered עַלהַֿמִּזְבֵּחַ [Gen 22:9]; [Deut 12:27] +; see especially the phrases with זָרַק [Exod 29:16], [20] + (see זרק); הִקְטִיר [Lev 4:10] (see קטר Hiph`il); הֶעֱלָה [6:3] + (see עלה
Hiph`il) לְבַעֵר [Neh 10:35]; but בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ [Gen 8:20] (J) [Num 23:2], [4], [14], [30] (E); one touching the altar is בַּמּ ׳הַנֹּגֵעַ [Exod 29:37] (P); המ ׳לפני of placing, or standing before altar [Deut 26:4]; [1Kin 8:22]; as
accusative of location הַמִּזְבֵּ֫חָה in phrases especially with הִקְטִיר [Exod 29:13] +, and הֶעֱלָה [Lev 14:20].
12 the horns of the altar were especially for the application of the blood of the sin-offering in the ritual; sin is represented as graven מִזְבְּחוֺתֵיכֶם לְקַרְנוֺת [Jer 17:1]; therefore of blood for cleansing it was said המ קרנות על ׳נָתַן [Exod 29:12]; [Lev 4:7], [18], [25], [30], [34]; [8:15]; [9:9]; [16:18] (all P). An ancient custom is referred to, [Psa 118:27] המזבח עַדקֿרנות בַּעֲבֹתִ֑ים אִסְרוחַֿג bind the festal victim with cords, unto the horns of the altar: Ainsworth paraphrases: 'that is, all the court over, untill you come even to the hornes of the altar, intending hereby many sacrifices,' so De; but Che 'bind the procession with branches, (step on) to the altar-horns,' that is in sacred procession round the altar.
13 the יְסוֺד (q. v.) is also referred to in the ritual of the sin-offerings in the phrases יסוד אל יָצַק [Lev 8:15]; [9:9] & יסוד אל שָׁפַךְ [Exod 29:12]; [Lev 4:7], [18], [25], [30], [34] (all P) יסוד אל יִמָּצֵה [5:9].
14 the altar was קָדָשִׁים קֹדֶשׁ [Exod 29:37]; [40:10] (P); but repeated sin-offerings were necessary to keep it pure and cleanse it from the pollution of the people in whose midst it was situated. This is expressed by חִטֵּא [Lev 8:15] (P) [Ezek 43:22]; כִּמֶּר [Lev 16:20], [33] (P) [Ezek 43:26]; קִדַּשׁ [Exod 29:44]; [40:10]; [Lev 8:15]; [Num 7:1] (P); טִהַר[2Chr 29:18].
זַבַּי see below זבב.
מִזְבֵּחַ
原文音譯：x;Bez>mi miz-bay’-akh
詞類次數：名詞（404）
原文字根：獻祭；相當於G1041（βωμός） G2379（θυσιαστήριον）
字義溯源：祭壇，壇。這字出自（H2076（זָבַח）*=宰殺牲畜，獻）
出現次數：總共（401）；創（13）；出（58）；利（88）；民（29）；申（10）；書（15）；士（12）；撒上（5）；撒下（3）；王上（35）；王下（28）；代上（10）；代下（39）；拉（2）；尼（1）；詩（5）；賽（8）；耶（4）；哀（1）；結（18）；何（6）；珥（2）；摩（4）；亞（2）；瑪（3）
譯字彙編：
1）（那）壇（82）[創13:4]；[出28:43]；[出29:12]；[出29:12]；[出29:20]；[出29:21]；[出29:36]；[出30:20]；[出38:30]；[利1:5]；[利1:8]；[利1:11]；[利1:11]；[利1:15]；[利3:2]；[利3:8]；[利3:13]；[利4:18]；[利4:30]；[利4:34]；[利5:9]；[利5:9]；[利6:10]；[利6:10]；[利6:12]；[利6:14]；[利7:2]；[利8:15]；[利8:19]；[利8:24]；[利9:7]；[利9:8]；[利9:9]；[利9:9]；[利9:12]；[利9:18]；[利16:12]；[利16:18]；[利16:20]；[利16:33]；[民3:26]；[民4:13]；[民5:25]；[民7:10]；[民16:38]；[民16:39]；[民16:46]；[民18:3]；[民23:4]；[書22:11]；[士13:20]；[王上1:50]；[王上1:51]；[王上1:53]；[王上2:28]；[王上6:22]；[王上12:32]；[王上12:33]；[王上13:1]；[王上13:2]；[王上13:4]；[王上13:4]；[王上18:32]；[王上18:35]；[王下11:11]；[王下12:9]；[王下16:10]；[王下16:11]；[王下16:14]；[王下18:22]；[王下23:15]；[代下5:12]；[代下7:9]；[代下23:10]；[拉3:3]；[詩118:27]；[賽6:6]；[賽36:7]；[結43:13]；[結43:13]；[結43:27]；[結45:19]；
2）壇（78）[創22:9]；[出20:24]；[出20:25]；[出27:1]；[出30:27]；[出30:28]；[出31:8]；[出31:9]；[出35:15]；[出35:16]；[出37:25]；[出38:1]；[出38:4]；[出38:30]；[出39:38]；[出39:39]；[出40:5]；[出40:6]；[出40:10]；[出40:26]；[出40:29]；[利4:25]；[利4:25]；[利4:30]；[利4:34]；[利8:11]；[民23:1]；[民23:14]；[民23:29]；[申16:21]；[申27:6]；[書22:10]；[書22:19]；[書22:23]；[書22:26]；[書22:28]；[書22:29]；[書22:34]；[士6:25]；[士6:30]；[士6:31]；[士6:32]；[撒上14:35]；[王上7:48]；[王上8:54]；[王上8:64]；[王上16:32]；[王上18:30]；[王上19:10]；[王上19:14]；[王下11:18]；[王下16:12]；[王下16:15]；[王下21:3]；[王下21:4]；[代上6:49]；[代上6:49]；[代上21:29]；[代上28:18]；[代下1:5]；[代下1:6]；[代下4:1]；[代下4:19]；[代下7:7]；[代下14:3]；[代下15:8]；[代下23:17]；[代下26:19]；[代下28:24]；[代下29:18]；[代下31:1]；[代下32:12]；[代下33:3]；[代下33:16]；[拉3:2]；[結43:22]；[亞9:15]；[瑪2:13]；
3）（那）壇上（30）[創8:20]；[出24:6]；[利1:7]；[利1:15]；[利2:9]；[利6:9]；[利8:11]；[利8:30]；[利9:10]；[利9:13]；[利9:17]；[利9:24]；[利17:11]；[利22:22]；[民5:26]；[民18:17]；[民23:2]；[民23:4]；[民23:14]；[民23:30]；[士6:28]；[士13:20]；[王上3:4]；[王上9:25]；[王上12:33]；[王下16:12]；[王下16:13]；[王下16:15]；[王下23:16]；[代下29:27]；
4）一座壇（29）[創8:20]；[創12:7]；[創12:8]；[創13:18]；[創26:25]；[創33:20]；[創35:1]；[創35:3]；[創35:7]；[出17:15]；[出24:4]；[申27:5]；[書8:30]；[書22:10]；[書22:16]；[書22:29]；[士6:24]；[士6:26]；[士21:4]；[撒上7:17]；[撒上14:35]；[撒下24:18]；[撒下24:21]；[撒下24:25]；[王上18:32]；[代上21:18]；[代上21:22]；[代上21:26]；[賽19:19]；
5）那壇（25）[創22:9]；[出27:5]；[出27:6]；[出27:7]；[出29:44]；[出38:3]；[出38:7]；[出40:10]；[出40:10]；[出40:32]；[利8:15]；[利8:15]；[利16:18]；[民7:1]；[民7:88]；[民18:7]；[王上13:5]；[王上18:26]；[王下16:14]；[王下23:15]；[代下23:17]；[結41:22]；[結43:26]；[摩3:14]；[亞14:20]；
6）在那壇上（22）[出29:13]；[出29:18]；[利1:9]；[利1:13]；[利1:15]；[利2:2]；[利3:11]；[利3:16]；[利4:19]；[利4:26]；[利4:35]；[利5:12]；[利6:15]；[利7:31]；[利8:16]；[利8:21]；[利9:20]；[利14:20]；[利16:25]；[代下29:22]；[代下29:22]；[代下29:22]；
7）的壇（15）[利17:6]；[申26:4]；[申27:5]；[書8:31]；[書9:27]；[書22:19]；[士6:28]；[王上6:20]；[王上8:22]；[王下23:9]；[代上21:31]；[代下6:12]；[代下8:12]；[代下29:19]；[代下34:4]；
8）祭壇（14）[出34:13]；[申12:3]；[王下18:22]；[代下32:12]；[代下34:7]；[詩26:6]；[賽27:9]；[賽36:7]；[結9:2]；[何8:11]；[何10:1]；[珥1:13]；[摩2:8]；[摩3:14]；
9）壇上（8）[利4:10]；[民4:11]；[申12:27]；[申12:27]；[代上16:40]；[代上21:26]；[代下26:16]；[代下29:21]；
10）（那）壇的（8）[出27:5]；[出29:16]；[利1:16]；[利9:14]；[民7:10]；[民7:11]；[民7:84]；[民18:5]；
11）這壇（6）[出27:1]；[出29:37]；[王上13:3]；[王下16:10]；[王下16:14]；[王下23:17]；
12）壇的（4）[出40:33]；[利4:7]；[利4:7]；[利4:18]；
13）諸壇（4）[王下21:5]；[代下33:4]；[代下33:5]；[耶11:13]；
14）（那些）壇（4）[王下11:18]；[王下23:12]；[王下23:12]；[代下30:14]；
15）在那壇（4）[利6:13]；[利8:28]；[利10:12]；[王上2:29]；
16）和那壇（4）[出30:18]；[出40:7]；[出40:30]；[民4:26]；
17）（那）祭壇（3）[結40:47]；[結43:18]；[結47:1]；
18）那祭壇（3）[結8:5]；[珥2:17]；[摩9:1]；
19）我的壇（3）[出20:26]；[撒上2:28]；[撒上2:33]；
20）他們的祭壇（3）[申7:5]；[何10:2]；[何12:11]；
21）你的壇上（2）[申33:10]；[詩51:19]；
22）你的壇（2）[王上8:31]；[代下6:22]；
23）你們的祭壇（2）[結6:4]；[結6:6]；
24）（那些）祭壇（2）[代下33:15]；[賽17:8]；
25）我的壇上（2）[賽56:7]；[瑪1:7]；
26）壇哪（2）[王上13:2]；[王上13:2]；
27）的壇上（2）[代下35:16]；[尼10:34]；
28）他們的壇（2）[士2:2]；[耶17:2]；
29）（那）壇前（2）[利2:8]；[利21:23]；
30）在那壇的（2）[出29:25]；[利3:5]；
31）那壇上（2）[利2:12]；[利14:31]；
32）（那）壇上的（2）[出29:38]；[民4:14]；
33）要在那壇上（2）[利4:31]；[利7:5]；
34）他們祭壇（1）[結6:13]；
35）（那）壇中（1）[利6:9]；
36）你們祭壇的（1）[結6:5]；
37）這壇的（1）[出29:37]；
38）自己的祭壇（1）[哀2:7]；
39）和那祭壇（1）[結8:16]；
40）在我祭壇（1）[出21:14]；
41）在我壇上（1）[瑪1:10]；
42）一座⋯壇（1）[出30:1]；
43）他們的祭壇上（1）[何10:8]；
44）那些祭壇（1）[何8:11]；
45）你們的壇（1）[耶17:1]；
46）（那）祭壇的（1）[結40:46]；
47）的諸壇（1）[耶11:13]；
48）獻在那壇上（1）[代下29:24]；
49）壇中（1）[利1:12]；
50）（那些）壇上（1）[王下23:20]；
51）在壇上（1）[利1:17]；
52）的那壇（1）[王上13:32]；
53）他們的壇上（1）[代下34:5]；
54）一個壇（1）[出32:5]；
55）在我的壇（1）[賽60:7]；
56）及那些壇（1）[民3:31]；
57）你祭壇那裏（1）[詩84:3]；
58）的祭壇（1）[詩43:4]；
59）那壇上的（1）[王上13:5]