ἤ (
ḗ｜
ay｜
verb｜
or)
[Grk]
ἤ LN: 13.1,
64.18,
67.17,
89.139,
89.140,
92.24 GK: G2445
Derivation: a primary particle of distinction between two connected terms;
Strong's: disjunctive, or; comparative, than
KJV: --and, but (either), (n-)either, except it be, (n-)or (else), rather, save, than, that, what, yea. Often used in connection with other particles. Compare especially
ἤδη,
ἤπερ,
ἤτοι.
See: ἤδηSee: ἤπερSee: ἤτοι ἤ
(A), also ἠέ (in signf. A. 11 ἤ (or ἠέ) folld. by ἦ (or ἦε), v. infr.), Conj. with two chief senses, Disj. (or) and Comp. (than).
DISJUNCTIVE,
1. or, ἐγὼ.. ἢ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν Il. 2.231, cf. 397, 800, 4.142, 7.236, al.; θεόσυτος ἢ βρότειος ἢ κεκραμένη A. Pr. 116.
2. ἢ.. ἤ either.. or, ἢ νῦν δηθύνοντ’ ἢ ὕστερον αὖτις ἰόντα Il. 1.27, cf. 151, 5.484, etc.; so ἢ.. ἤτοι.. Pi. N. 6.4, Fr. 138; ἤτοι.. ἤ.. A. Ag. 662, S. Ant. 1182, Th. 2.40, etc. (in Classical Gr. the alternative introduced by ἤτοι is emphasized, later no distn. is implied, [Rom 6:16]; ἤτοι.. ἢ.. ἤ.. PTeb. 5.59 (ii B.C.)); ἤ repeated any number of times, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι ἢ τεὸν ἢ Αἴαντος ἰὼν γέρας ἢ Ὀδυσῆος Il. 1.138, cf. Od. 15.84, S. Ant. 707; ἤ is prob. wrongly accented in codd. of Il. 2.289, Od. 3.348, 19.109, v. ἦ Adv. 1.3: ἢ πόλις βροτός θ’ ὁμοίως A. Eu. 524 (lyr.) is exceptional.
3. or else, otherwise, εἰδέναι δεῖ περὶ οὗ ἂν ᾖ ἡ βουλή, ἢ παντὸς ἁμαρτάνειν ἀνάγκη Pl. Phdr. 237c; μή με λυπεῖτε, ἢ φεύξομ’ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίης Herod. 5.74; ζῶντα κακῶς λέγειν ἐκώλυσε.., ἢ τρεῖς δραχμὰς ἀποτίνειν ἔταξε Lex Sol. ap. Plu. Sol. 21, cf. 24, IG 12.94.10, Them. Or. 21.260a.
II in Questions or Deliberations in Disj. form(the accentuation is ἢ (ἠέ) folld. by ἦ (ἦε), Hdn. Gr. 2.24, al., A.D. Conj. 224.28):
1 Direct questions, introduced by ἢ (ἠέ), ἢ δολιχὴ νοῦσος ἦ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα.. κατέπεφνεν; Od. 11.172; ἤ τι κατὰ πρῆξιν ἦ μαψιδίως ἀλάλησθε..; 3.72, cf. 1.408, 16.462, Il. 6.378, 15.735, 16.12, etc. without an introductory Particle, θεός νύ τις ἦ βροτός ἐσσι; art thou a goddess or a mortal? Od. 6.149, cf. 1.226, 4.314, 372, 643, 20.130, 21.194, Il. 10.63, 425, 534, 15.203: accented ἦ, Hdn.Gr. 2.145, al., but ἤ freq. in codd. of Hom. and always in codd. of later writers: ἤκουσας ἢ οὐκ ἤκουσας ἢ κωφῇ λέγω; A. Th. 202; ἄρτι δὲ ἥκεις ἢ πάλαι; Pl. Cri. 43a; κακουργεῖν δεῖ ἢ οὔ; ib. 49c; preceded by πότερον, πότερον δοκεῖ σοι κάκιον εἶναι, τὸ ἀδικεῖν ἢ τὸ ἀδικεῖσθαι; Id. Grg. 474c, etc.
2. Indirect questions, freq. epexegetic of a preceding question and identical in form with direct questions. εἴπ’ ἄγε,.. ἤ ῥ’ ἐθέλει.., ἦ ἀπέειπε.. Il. 9.674; ὄφρα δαῶμεν ἢ ἐτεὸν Κάλχας μαντεύεται ἦε καὶ οὐκί 2.300; διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν ἢ ὅ γε.. ἐναρίζοι ἦε χόλον παύσειεν 1.190; later with εἰ.. ἤ A. Ch. 890, Ag. 478, S. OC 80, etc.; πότερον or πότερα.. ἤ.. Id. Pers. 148, 352, Ag. 630, etc.; sts. εἴτε.. ἤ E. El. 897; ἢ.. εἴτε S. Aj. 177. without introductory Particle, οὐδέ τι οἶδα ζώει ὅ γ’ ἦ τέθνηκε Od. 11.464, cf. Il. 10.546, Od. 24.238.
COMPARATIVE,
1. than, as, after a Comp., Il. 11.162, etc.: after positive Adjs. which imply comparison, ἄλλος, ἕτερος ἤ.., S. OT 595, Tr. 835 (lyr.); ἐναντίος ἤ Pl. Grg. 481c; ἴδιόν τι πάσχειν πάθος ἢ οἱ ἄλλοι ibid.: after Advbs. or adverbial phrases, πλήν, πρίν, πρόσθεν, χωρίς (qq. v.), ἀλλά (v. ἀλλ’ ἤ) ; τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἤ.. Id. Cri. 44a (f.l. in Smp. 173a); ἐν τῷ πέμπτῳ καὶ δεκάτῳ ϝέτει ἀπὸ τῶ ποτεχεῖ ϝέτεος ἢ Ἀριστίων ἐφορεύει Tab.Heracl. 1.121; παρὰ δόξαν ἢ ὡς αὐτὸς κατεδόκεε Hdt. 1.79, cf. 8.4; διαφερόντως ἤ.. Pl. Phd. 85b; οὐδ’ ὅσον ἤ.. not so much as.., not more than.., Theoc. 9.21: after Verbs implying comparison, βούλεσθαι ἤ.. to wish rather than.., v. βούλομαι IV, αἱρέω B. 11.1b; so φθάνειν ἤ.. to come sooner than.., Il. 23.445, Od. 11.58; ἐπιθυμεῖν ἤ.. X. Cyr. 1.4.3; δέχεσθαι ἤ.. Lys. 10.21: less freq. after a word not implying comparison, δίκαιον ἡμέας ἔχειν.. (sc. μᾶλλον) ἤ περ Ἀθηναίους Hdt. 9.26; ἐμοὶ πικρὸς.. ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς S. Aj. 966 (s.v.l.); δεδικαιωμένος ἢ ἐκεῖνος [Luk 18:14].
2. joining two Comparatives which refer to the same subject, πάντες κ’ ἀρησαίατ’ ἐλαφρότεροι πόδας εἶναι ἢ ἀφνειότεροι Od. 1.165; ταχύτερα ἢ σοφώτερα Hdt. 3.65; μανικώτεροι ἢ ἀνδρειότεροι Pl. Tht. 144b, cf. Ar. Ach. 1078.
3. rarely after a Sup., πλεῖστα θωμάσια ἔχει Αἴγυπτος ἢ ἄλλη πᾶσα χώρη Hdt. 2.35 (s.v.l.); πίθοιτό κεν ὔμμι μάλιστα ἢ ἐμοί A.R. 3.91.
4. ἢ οὐ is used when a neg. precedes, οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον ἐπ’ ἡμέας ἢ οὐ καὶ ἐπ’ ὑμέας Hdt. 4.118, cf. 5.94, Th. 2.62, etc.: after an implied neg., ὠμὸν.. πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἢ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους Id. 3.36.
5. freq. omitted with numerals after πλείων, ἐλάττων, μείων, ἔτη.. πλείω ἑβδομήκοντα v.l. in Pl. [Rev 17:1-18] d; οὐ μεῖον πεντακοσίους X. An. 6.4.24: sts. with an inf. or conditional clause, τί γὰρ ἀνδρὶ κακὸν μεῖζον ἁμαρτεῖν E. Alc. 879; τίς εὐπραξία σπανιωτέρα.., εἰ [δύναμις] πάρεστιν (for ἢ δύναμιν παρεῖναι); Th. 1.33.
6. pleon. with a gen., τίς ἂν αἰσχίων εἴη ταύτης δόξα, ἢ δοκεῖν.. Pl. Cri. 44c, cf. Lys. 10.28.
7. the Disj. and Comp. uses are found together in Il. 15.511 βέλτερον, ἢ ἀπολέσθαι ἕνα χρόνον ἠὲ βιῶναι, ἢ δηθὰ στρεύγεσθαι ἐν αἰνῆ δηϊοτῆτι better, either to die once for all or win life, than long to toil in battle. [ ἢ οὐ, ἢ οὐκ combine by Synizesis into one syll. in Trag. and Com., A. Pr. 330, S. Aj. 334, Ar. Lys. 128; so usually in , Od. 1.298, al.; ἢ αὐτός Hes. Fr. 194; ἢ εἰ Alex. 201.]
ἤ
(B),
1. an exclamation expressing disapproval, ἢ ἢ σιώπα Ar. Nu. 105; ἢ ἤ· τί δρᾶς; E. HF 906 (lyr.), cf. Suid.
2. to call attention, ποῦ Ξανθίας; ἢ Ξανθία where’s Xanthias? hi, Xanthias! Ar. Ra. 271.
ἤ ē 343x
can function as a conj (298x), either, or, [Mat 6:24];
after comparatives, and ἄλλος, ἕτερος, expressed or implied, than, [Mat 10:15]; [Mat 18:8]; [Act 17:21]; [Act 24:21];
intensive after ἀλλά and πρίν, [Luk 12:51]; [Mat 1:18];
it also serves to point an interrogation, [Rom 3:29]
G2228 — ἤ
a disjunctive conjunction (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 53, 6). Used
1. to distinguish things or thoughts which either mutually exclude each other, or one of which can take the place of the other: or (Latinaut,vel);
a. to distinguish one thing from another in words of the same construction: [Mat 5:17] (τόν νόμον ἤ τούς προφήτας), [Mat 5:36] (λευκήν ἤ μέλαιναν); [Mat 6:31]; [Mat 7:16]; [Mar 6:56]; [Mar 7:11]; [Luk 2:24]; [Luk 9:25]; [Joh 7:48]; [Joh 13:29]; [Act 1:7]; [Act 3:12]; [Act 4:7]; [Rom 1:21]; [Rom 3:1]; [1Co 4:3]; [1Co 5:10]; [1Co 10:19]; [Gal 1:10], etc.
b. after an interrogative or a declarative sentence, before a question designed to prove the same thing in another way: [Mat 7:4], [Mat 7:9]; [Mat 12:29]; [Mat 16:26]; [Mat 26:53]; [Mar 8:37]; [Luk 13:4]; [Luk 14:31]; [Luk 15:8]; [Rom 9:21]; [Rom 14:10]; [1Co 6:16].
c. before a sentence contrary to the one just preceding, to indicate that if one be denied or refuted the other must stand: [Mat 20:15] (i. e. or, if thou wilt not grant this, is thine eye etc.); [Rom 3:29]; [1Co 9:6]; [1Co 10:22]; [1Co 11:14] (Rec.); ; [2Co 11:7]; ἤ ἀγνοεῖτε etc., [Rom 6:3]; [Rom 7:1] (cf. [Rom 6:14]); ἤ οὐκ ὀικατε etc., [Rom 11:2]; [1Co 6:9], [1Co 6:16], [1Co 6:19].
d. ἤ... ἤ, either... or, [Mat 6:24]; [Mat 12:33]; [Luk 16:13]; [Act 24:20]; [1Co 14:6].
2. in a disjunctive question it corresponds to the Latinan afterutrum;
a. preceded by πότερον, [Joh 7:17]; cf. Klotz ad Dev. 2:2, p. 574f; preceded by the interrogative μή, [1Co 9:8]; preceded by μήτι, [2Co 1:17].
b. without an intertog. particle in the first member of the interrogation: τί ἐστι εὐκοπώτερον, εἰπεῖν... ἤ εἰπεῖν, [Mat 9:5]; [Mar 2:9]; [Luk 5:23]; add, [Mat 21:25]; [Mat 23:17], [Mat 23:19]; [Mat 27:17]; [Mar 3:4]; [Luk 7:19]; [Act 8:34].
c. ἤ... ἤ... ἤ, [Mar 13:35].
3. as a comparative conjunction, than;
a. after comparatives: [Mat 10:15]; [Mat 11:22]; [Luk 9:13]; [Luk 16:17]; [Joh 3:19]; [Joh 4:1] (Tr marginal reading omits; WH brackets ἤ); [Act 4:19]; [Rom 13:11], and often. ἤ is lacking after πλείους followed by a noun of [Mat 26:53] T Tr WH; [Act 4:22]; [Act 23:13], [Act 23:21]; [Act 24:11] (where Rec. adds ἤ); cf. Matthiae, § 455 note 4; Kühner, ii., p. 847; (Jelf, § 780 Obs. 1); Winers Grammar, 595 (554); (Buttmann, 168 (146)); Lob. ad Phryn., p. 410f.
b. after ἕτερον: [Act 17:21].
c. πρίν ἤ, before that, before, followed by accusative with an infinitive (cf. Buttmann, § 139, 35; Winer's Grammar, § 44, 6, also, p. 297 (279)): [Mat 1:18]; [Mar 14:30]; [Act 2:20] R G WH marginal reading; [Act 7:2]; followed by the aorist subjunc, [Luk 2:26] Tr text omits; WH brackets ἤ; R G (others ἕως); followed by present optative, [Act 25:16].
d. after θέλω equivalent to to prefer: [1Co 14:19] (followed by ἤπερ, 2 Macc. 14:42); examples from Greek authors are given in Klotz ad Devar. 2:2, p. 589f; Winers Grammar, § 35, 2 c.; (Buttmann, § 149, 7); Kühner, ii., p. 841; (Jelf, § 779 Obs. 3).
e. after οὐ: [Joh 13:10] R G, where after οὐ χρείαν ἔχει the sentence goes on as though the writer had said οὐκ ἄλλου τίνος χρείαν ἔχει, (cf. Winers Grammar, 508 (478)).
f. after positive notions, to which in this way a comparative force is given: after καλόν ἐστι (it is good... rather than) equivalent to it is better, [Mat 18:8]; [Mar 9:43], [Mar 9:45], [Mar 9:47]; cf. Menander's saying καλόν τό μή ζῆν, ἤ ζῆν ἀθλιως, and Plautus rud. 4, 4, 70 tacita mulier est bona semper, quam loquens; similar examples in the O. T. are [Gen 49:12]; Psalm 117:8; [Jon 4:3], [Jon 4:8]; Tobit 6:13 Tobit 12:8; Sir. 20:25 Sir. 22:15; 4 Macc. 9:1; also after λυσιτελεῖ (it is gain... rather than) equivalent to it is better (Tobit 3:6), [Luk 17:2]; after χαρά ἐστι (there will be joy... more than), [Luk 15:7]; see examples from Greek authors in Alexander Buttmann (1873) Gram. § 149, 7; (Buttmann, p. 360 (309)); Winer, Kühner, others, as above.
4. with other particles;
a. ἀλλ' ἤ, see ἀλλά, I. 10, p. 28a.
b. ἤ γάρ, see γάρ, I. at the end c. ἤ καί (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 53, 6 note), α. or even, or also (Latinautetiam,veletiam): ([Mat 7:10] L T Tr WH); [Luk 11:11] G L T Tr WH; [Luk 11:12]; [Luk 18:11]; [Rom 2:15]; [1Co 16:6]; [2Co 1:13]. β. or also (Latinanetiam) (in a disjunctive question): [Luk 12:41]; [Rom 4:9].
d. ἤπερ, than at all (Latinquamforte; German alsetwa), after a comparitive (cf. Jelf, § 779 Obs. 5): [Joh 12:43] (L ἤ περ, WH marginal reading ὑπέρ) (2 Macc. 14:42; Homer, Hesiod).
e. ἤτοι... ἤ, either indeed (cf. Kühner, § 540, 5)... or: [Rom 6:16] (Wis. 11:19; Herodotus and following).
ἤ ,
disjunctive and comparative particle (Bl., § 36, 12; 77, 11);
1. disjunctive, or;
(a) between single words: [Mat 5:17], [Mar 6:56], [Luk 2:24], [Joh 6:19], [Rom 1:21], al. ;
(b) before a sentence expressing a variation, denial or refutation of a previous statement, freq . in interrog. form: [Mat 7:4]; [Mat 7:9] [Mar 12:14], [Luk 13:4], [Rom 3:29]; [Rom 6:3]; [Rom 9:21], [1Co 6:9]; [1Co 6:16]; 1Co 9:6 , [2Co 11:7]; ἢ . . . ἤ , either . . . or, [Mat 6:24], [Luk 16:13], [1Co 14:6];
( c ) in a disjunctive question (as Lat. an after utrum): [Mat 9:5], [Mar 2:9], [Luk 7:19], al. ; after πότερον , [Joh 7:17]; μή , 1Co 98; μήτι , [2Co 1:17]; ἢ . . . ἢ . . . ἤ , [Mar 13:35].
2. Com-parative, than: after comparatives, [Mat 10:16], [Luk 9:13], [Joh 3:19], [Rom 13:11], al. ; after ἕτερον , [Act 17:21]; θέλω ( Kühner3 , iv, 303), [1Co 14:19]; πρὶν ἤ , before, seq . acc et inf ., [Mat 1:18], [Mar 14:30]; after a positive adj. ([Gen 49:12]; cf. Robertson , Gr ., 661), [Mat 18:8-9], [Mar 9:43]; [Mar 9:45]; [Mar 9:47].
3. With other particles: ἀλλ᾿ ἤ , see ἀλλά ; ἢ γάρ , see γάρ ; ἢ καί , or even, or also, [Mat 7:10], [Luk 11:11-12], [Rom 2:15]; [Rom 4:9], al. ; ήτοι . . . ή , [Rom 6:16] ( cf. Wis 11:19 ).
ἤ原文音譯：½ 誒
詞類次數：質詞 連詞（357）
原文字根：或
字義溯源：或*，或是，還是，比，和，或⋯或，或者，難道，豈是，並，而，即或不然，縱然
同源字：1）
G2228（
ἤ）或 2）
G2235（
ἤδη）甚至 3）
G2260（
ἤπερ）過於 4）
G2273（
ἤτοι）即或如此
出現次數：總共（347）；太（67）；可（34）；路（46）；約（12）；徒（35）；羅（28）；林前（50）；林後（14）；加（8）；弗（7）；腓（1）；西（4）；帖前（3）；帖後（1）；提前（5）；提後（1）；多（2）；門（1）；來（5）；雅（8）；彼前（8）；彼後（1）；約壹（1）；啓（5）
譯字彙編：
1）或（185）數量太多，不能盡錄；
2）或是（36）[太10:19]；[太11:3]；[太17:25]；[太18:8]；[太25:38]；[太25:39]；[可2:9]；[可4:17]；[可11:28]；[路14:31]；[路15:8]；[路16:13]；[路16:13]；[路17:7]；[路18:29]；[路18:29]；[路18:29]；[路18:29]；[路20:4]；[路22:27]；[約7:17]；[約7:48]；[約8:14]；[約13:29]；[徒28:6]；[羅4:10]；[林前7:11]；[林前11:4]；[林前11:5]；[林前14:23]；[林前14:37]；[林前15:11]；[弗5:5]；[弗5:5]；[多1:6]；[啓3:15]；
3）比（21）[太10:15]；[太11:22]；[太11:24]；[太18:8]；[太18:9]；[太18:13]；[太19:24]；[可9:43]；[可9:45]；[可9:47]；[可10:25]；[路10:12]；[路10:14]；[路18:25]；[約4:1]；[徒20:35]；[羅13:11]；[林前7:9]；[林前14:5]；[加4:27]；[約壹4:4]；
4）或者（17）[太26:53]；[可13:21]；[路11:12]；[路20:2]；[徒7:49]；[徒24:20]；[羅10:7]；[林前7:16]；[林前9:7]；[林前12:21]；[林前16:6]；[林後6:14]；[林後6:15]；[林後11:4]；[林後11:4]；[腓3:12]；[雅3:12]；
5）豈（10）[羅6:3]；[羅7:1]；[羅11:2]；[林前6:2]；[林前6:9]；[林前6:16]；[林前6:19]；[林前9:8]；[林後13:5]；[帖前2:19]；
6）還是（8）[太23:17]；[太23:19]；[太27:17]；[路12:41]；[約18:34]；[林前4:21]；[林前11:22]；[加1:10]；
7）（或）（6）[太15:4]；[太15:5]；[太15:6]；[可7:10]；[可7:11]；[可7:12]；
8）難道（6）[羅2:4]；[羅3:29]；[羅9:21]；[林前9:6]；[林後11:7]；[加1:10]；
9）於（5）[徒4:19]；[徒5:29]；[徒27:11]；[提前1:4]；[提後3:4]；
10）豈是（3）[林前14:36]；[林前14:36]；[林後1:17]；
11）過於（2）[約3:19]；[來11:25]；
12）豈不（2）[羅4:9]；[林前9:10]；
13）還是⋯呢（2）[路7:19]；[路7:20]；
14）至（2）[約6:19]；[徒25:6]；
15）還（2）[太16:26]；[徒3:12]；
16）而（2）[太7:4]；[路12:14]；
17）是（2）[太22:17]；[路14:3]；
18）就是（2）[太6:24]；[路10:42]；
19）強如（1）[林前14:19]；
20）既（1）[林前14:6]；
21）或作（1）[羅6:16]；
22）以及（1）[羅4:13]；
23）也（1）[林前9:15]；
24）豈可（1）[林前10:22]；
25）乎（1）[林後1:13]；
26）倒不如（1）[彼後2:21]；
27）作（1）[啓13:17]；
28）不是（1）[太6:24]；
29）總比（1）[彼前3:17]；
30）或以（1）[彼前3:9]；
31）並且（1）[來2:6]；
32）或許（1）[雅4:5]；
33）並（1）[彼前1:11]；
34）再者（1）[太12:5]；
35）方（1）[太12:29]；
36）只（1）[路9:13]；
37）倒（1）[路12:51]；
38）勝於（1）[路15:7]；
39）要（1）[路2:26]；
40）（只）（1）[可14:30]；
41）就（1）[太20:15]；
42）還有（1）[可10:38]；
43）較比（1）[路16:17]；
44）如（1）[路17:2]；
45）只是（1）[徒17:21]；
46）即或有（1）[徒24:21]；
47）與（1）[徒25:16]；
48）還未（1）[徒7:2]；
49）或者是（1）[太16:14]；
50）可是（1）[太1:18]；
51）至於（1）[約9:21]；
52）又是（1）[羅3:1]