ἐξουσ-ία, ἡ,

(ἔξεστι)

I

1. power, authority to do a thing, c. inf., χαίρειν καὶ νοσεῖν ἐ. πάρεστι S. Fr. 88.11 codd.; αὐτῷ ἐ. ἦν σαφῶς εἰδέναι Antipho 1.6, cf. Th. 7.12; ἐξουσίαν ὁ νόμος δέδωκε permission to do.., Pl. Smp. 182e; ἐ. ποιεῖν Id. Cri. 51d, etc.; ἐ. λαβεῖν And. 2.28, X. Mem. 2.6.24, etc.; λαβὼν ἐ. ὥστε.. Isoc. 3.45; ἐπὶ τῇ τῆς εἰρήνης ἐ. with the freedom permitted by peace, D. 18.44: c. gen. objecti, ἐ. ἔχειν θανάτου power of life and death, Poll. 8.86; πρᾶγμα οὗ τὴν ἐ. ἔχουσιν ἄλλοι control over.., Diog.Oen. 57; ἐ. τινός power over, licence in a thing, τοῦ λέγειν Pl. Grg. 461e; ἐν μεγάλῃ ἐ. τοῦ ἀδικεῖν ib. 526a, cf. R. 554c; κατὰ τὴν οὐκ ἐ. τῆς ἀγωνίσεως from want of qualification for.., Th. 5.50: abs., power, authority, E. Fr. 784.

2. abuse of authority, licence, arrogance, ὕβρις καὶ ἐ. Th. 1.38, cf. 3.45, D. 19.200; ἡ ἄγαν ἐ. ib.272; ἄμετρος ἐ. OGI 669.51 (i A.D.).

3. Lit. Crit., ἐ. ποιητική poetic licence, Str. 1.2.17, Jul. Or. 1.10b.

II

1. office, magistracy, ἀρχαὶ καὶ ἐ. Pl. Alc. 1.135b; οἱ ἐν ταῖς ἐ. Arist. EN 1095b21; οἱ ἐν ἐ. ὄντες Id. Rh. 1384a1; οἱ ἐπ’ ἐξουσιῶν LXX Dan 3:2; ἡ ὑπατικὴ ἐ. the consulate, D.S. 14.113, etc.; also ἡ ὕπατος ἐ. D.H. 7.1; ἡ ταμιευτικὴ ἐ. the quaestorship, Id. 8.77; δημαρχικὴ ἐ., v. δημαρχικός; ἡ τοῦ θαλάμου ἐ., in the Roman empire, lordship of the bedchamber, Hdn. 1.12.3.

2. concrete, body of magistrates, D.H. 11.32; αἱ ἐ. (as we say) the authorities, Luk 12:11,al., Plu. Phil. 17. ἡ ἐ. as an honorary title, POxy. 1103 (iv A.D.), etc.

III abundance of means, resources, ἐξουσίας ἐπίδειξις Th. 6.31; πλοῦτος καὶ ἐ. Id. 1.123, cf. D. 21.138; ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ πρὸς τὴν ἐ. Th. 4.39; τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἐ. Pl. Lg. 828d; excessive wealth, opp. οὐσία, Com.Adesp. 25a.5D. pomp, Plu. Aem. 34.

ἐξουσία exousia 102x

    power, ability, faculty, Mat 9:8; Mat 10:1;

    efficiency, energy, Luk 4:32;

    liberty, licence, Joh 10:18; Act 5:4;

    authority, rule, dominion, jurisdiction, Mat 8:9; Mat 28:18;

    meton. pl. authorities, potentates, powers, Luk 12:11; 1Co 15:24; Eph 1:21;

    right, authority, full power, Mat 9:6; Mat 21:23;

    privilege, prerogative, Joh 1:12;

    perhaps, a veil, 1Co 11:10 authority; power; right.

G1849 — ἐξουσία

ἐξουσίας, ἡ (from ἔξεστι, ἐξόν, which see), from Euripides, Xenophon, Plato down; the Sept. for מֶמְשָׁלָה and Chaldean שָׁלְטָן; power.

1. power of choice, liberty of doing as one pleases; leave or permission: 1Co 9:12, 1Co 9:18; ἔχειν ἐξουσίαν, 2Th 3:9; with an infinitive added indicating the thing to be done, Joh 10:18; 1Co 9:4; Heb 13:10 (WH brackets ἐξουσία); followed by an infinitive with τοῦ, 1Co 9:6 (L T Tr WH omit τοῦ); with a genitive of the thing or the person with regard to which one has the power to decide: Rom 9:21 (where an explanatory infinitive is added (Buttmann, 260 (224))); 1Co 9:12; ἐπί τό ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς, permission to use the tree of life, Rev 22:14 (see ἐπί, C. I. 2 e.); ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν περί τοῦ ἰδίου θελήματος (opposed to ἀνάγκην ἔχειν (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30, 3 N. 5)), 1Co 7:37; ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐξουσία (appointed, see τίθημι, 1 a. sub at the end) according to his own choice, Act 1:7; ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐξουσία ὑπῆρχεν, i. e. at thy free disposal, Act 5:4; used of liberty under the gospel, as opposed to the yoke of the Mosaic law, 1Co 8:9.

2. "physical and mental power; the ability or strength with which one is endued, which he either possesses or exercises": Mat 9:8; Act 8:19; Rev 9:3, Rev 9:19; Rev 13:2, Rev 13:4; Rev 18:1; followed by an infinitive of the thing to be done, Mar 3:15; Luk 12:5; Joh 1:12; Rev 9:10; Rev 11:6; Rev 13:5; followed by τοῦ with the infinitive Luk 10:19; αὕτη ἐστιν ἡ ἐξουσία τοῦ σκότους, this is the power that darkness exerts, Luk 22:53; ποιεῖν ἐξουσίαν to exert power, give exhibitions of power, Rev 13:12; ἐν ἐξουσία εἶναι, to be possessed of power and influence, Luk 4:32; also ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν (both expressions refer to the ability and weight which Jesus exhibited in his teaching) Mat 7:29; (Mar 1:22); κατ' ἐξουσίαν powerfully, Mar 1:27; also ἐν ἐξουσία, Luk 4:36.

3. the power of authority (influence) and of right: Mat 21:23; Mar 11:28; Luk 20:2; spoken of the authority of an apostle, 2Co 10:8; 2Co 13:10; of the divine authority granted to Jesus as Messiah, with the infinitive of the thing to be done, Mat 9:6; Mar 2:10; Luk 5:24; Joh 5:27; ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσία; clothed in what authority (i. e. thine own or God's?), Mat 21:23, Mat 21:24, Mat 21:27; Mar 11:28, Mar 11:29, Mar 11:33; Luk 20:2, Luk 20:8; delegated authority (German Vollmacht, authorization): παρά τίνος, with the genitive of the person by whom the authority is given, or received, Act 9:14; Act 26:10, Act 26:12 (R G).

4. the power of rule or government (the power of him whose will and commands must be submitted to by others and obeyed (generally translated authority));

a. universally: Mat 28:18; Jude 1:25; Rev 12:10; Rev 17:13; λαμβάνειν, ἐξουσίαν ὡς βασιλεύς, Rev 17:12; εἰμί ὑπό ἐξουσίαν, I am under authority, Mat 8:9; with τασσόμενος added, (Mat 8:9 L WH brackets); Luk 7:8; ἐξουσία τίνος, the genitive of the object, authority (to be exercised) over, as τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν ἀκαθάρτων, Mar 6:7; with ὥστε ἐκβάλλειν αὐτά added, Mat 10:1; ἐξουσίαν πάσης σαρκός, authority over all mankind, Joh 17:2 (πάσης σαρκός κυρειαν, Bel and the Dragon, verse 5); (the genitive of the subject, τοῦ Σατανᾶ, Act 26:18); ἐπί τινα, power over one, so as to be able to subdue, drive out, destroy, Rev 6:8; ἐπί τά δαιμόνια, Luk 9:1; or to hold submissive to one's will, Rev 13:7; ἐπί τάς πληγάς, the power to inflict plagues and to put an end to them, Rev 16:9; ἐπί τῶν ἐθνῶν, over the heathen nations, Rev 2:26; ἐπί τίνος, to destroy one, Rev 20:6; ἔχειν ἐξουσίαν ἐπί τοῦ πυρός, to preside, have control, over fire, to hold it subject to his will, Rev 14:18; ἐπί τῶν ὑδάτων, Rev 11:6; ἐπάνω τίνος ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν, to be ruler over a thing, Luk 19:17.

b. specifically, α. of the power of judicial decision; ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν with an infinitive of the thing decided: σταυρῶσαι and ἀπολῦσαι τινα, Joh 19:10; followed by κατά τίνος, the power of deciding against one, Joh 19:11; παραδοῦναι τινα... τῇ ἐξουσία τοῦ ἡγεμόνος, Luk 20:20. β. of authority to manage domestic affairs: Mar 13:34.

c. metonymically, α. a thing subject to authority or rule: Luk 4:6; jurisdiction: ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας ἡδωρου ἐστιν, Luk 23:7 (1 Macc. 6:11 (cf. Psa 113:2; Isa 39:2)). β. one who possesses authority; (cf. the Latin use ofhonestates,dignitates,auctoritates (so the English authorities, dignities, etc.) in reference to persons); αα. a ruler, human magistrate (Dionysius Halicarnassus 8, 44; 11, 32): Rom 13:1-3; plural: Luk 12:11; Rom 13:1; Tit 3:1. ββ. the leading and more powerful among created beings superior to man, spiritual potentates; used in the plural of a certain class of angels (see ἀρχή, δύναμις, θρόνος, κυριότης): Col 1:16; 1Pe 3:22 (cf. Fritzsche on Romans, vol. ii., p. 226f; (Lightfoot on Colossians, the passage cited)); with ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις added, Eph 3:10; πᾶσα ἐξουσία, 1Co 15:24; Eph 1:21; Col 2:10; used also of demons: in the plural, Eph 6:12; Col 2:15; collectively (cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 469), ἡ ἐξουσία τοῦ ἀέρος (see ἀήρ), Eph 2:2; τοῦ σκότους, Col 1:13 (others refer this to 4 a. (or c. α.) above (cf. Luk 22:53 in 2), and regard σκότος as personified; see σκότος, b.).

d. a sign of the husband's authority over his wife, i. e. the veil with which propriety required a woman to cover herself, 1Co 11:10 (as βασιλεία is used by Diodorus 1, 47 for the sign of regal power, i. e. a crown). (Synonym: see δύναμις, at the end. On the infinitive after ἐξουσία, and ἐξουσία ἔχειν cf. Buttmann, 260 (223f).)

ἐξουσία , - ας , ἡ

( < ἐξεστι ),

[in LXX : 2Ki 20:13, Psa 114:2; Psa 136:8-9, Isa 39:2, Jer 51:28 (H4475), freq . in Da for Aram. H7985, etc., Wis 10:14 , Sir 9:13 , al. ;]

1. prop ., liberty or power to act, freedom to exercise the inward force or faculty expressed by δύναμις ( q.v. ): 1Co 9:12; ἐ . ἔχειν , 2Th 3:9; id . seq . inf ., Joh 10:18, 1Co 9:4-5; c . gen . obj., Rom 9:21; seq . ἐπί , c . acc , Rev 22:14; περί , 1Co 7:37.

2. Later ( cf. Milligan , Th ., 114; MM , Exp., xiv), of the power of right, authority: Mat 21:23, Mar 11:28, Luk 20:2; of Messianic authority, Mat 9:6, Mar 2:10, al. ; of apostolic authority, 2Co 10:8 ; 2Co 13:10; of the authority of government: Mat 8:9; Mat 28:18, Jud 1:25, Re:, al. ; esp . of judicial authority, Luk 20:20, Joh 19:10-11

3. Metori.,

(a) jurisdiction: Luk 23:7 ( cf. 1Ma 6:11 , Isa 39:2);

(b) a ruler or magistrate: Rom 13:1-3; p1 ., Luk 12:11, Rom 13:1, Tit 3:1;

( c ) of supramundane powers ( syn . with ἀρχή , δύναμις , θρόνος , κυριότης ): 1Co 15:24, Eph 1:21; Eph 3:10, Col 2:10 , 1Pe 3:22, al. ( Cremer , 236).

SYN.: see δύναμις G1411.

詞類次數：名詞（103）

原文字根：出去-是著 相當於：H4475（מֶמְשָׁלָה‎） H7985（שָׁלְטָן‎）

字義溯源：特權，權柄，有權柄的人，權能，能力，權，權勢，權利，權下，主權，掌權，自由，管轄；源自（G1832（ἔξεστι / ἔξειμι2）=對的）；由（G1537（ἐκ / ἐκπερισσῶς / ἐκφωνέω）*=出）與（G1510（εἰμί）*=是）組成。權柄的基本觀念：

1）屬於神的。是絕對的，不受限制的（徒1:7），有如窯匠之於泥土（羅9:21）

2）屬於主耶穌基督的。父將權柄賜給子（約17:2），乃是天上地下所有的權柄（太28:18），有權柄賜人永遠的生命，有權柄審判（約17:2; 5:27）

3）屬於信徒的。信的人有權柄作神的兒女（約1:12）。此外，地上所有掌權的，要服從耶穌基督（西1:16,彼前3:22），我們因著主耶穌的緣故，要順服地上掌權的。參讀G1411（δύναμις）同義字

出現次數：總共（103）；太（10）；可（10）；路（16）；約（8）；徒（7）；羅（6）；林前（10）；林後（2）；弗（4）；西（4）；帖後（1）；多（1）；來（1）；彼前（1）；猶（1）；啓（21）

譯字彙編：

1）權柄（72）太7:29；太9:6；太9:8；太10:1；太21:23；太21:23；太21:24；太21:27；太28:18；可2:10；可3:15；可6:7；可11:28；可11:28；可11:29；可11:33；可13:34；路4:6；路4:32；路4:36；路5:24；路9:1；路10:19；路12:5；路19:17；路20:2；路20:2；路20:8；約1:12；約5:27；約10:18；約10:18；約17:2；約19:10；約19:10；約19:11；徒1:7；徒8:19；徒9:14；徒26:10；徒26:12；羅9:21；羅13:1；羅13:1；羅13:2；林前9:4；林前9:5；林前9:6；林前9:12；林前9:12；林前9:18；林前11:10；林後10:8；林後13:10；帖後3:9；猶1:25；啓2:26；啓6:8；啓11:6；啓11:6；啓12:10；啓13:2；啓13:4；啓13:5；啓13:7；啓13:12；啓14:18；啓16:9；啓17:12；啓17:13；啓20:6；啓22:14；

2）掌權的（8）羅13:3；弗1:21；弗3:10；弗6:12；西1:16；西2:10；西2:15；多3:1；

3）能力（4）啓9:3；啓9:3；啓9:10；啓9:19；

4）權（3）太8:9；路7:8；路20:20；

5）有權柄的（2）羅13:1；彼前3:22；

6）掌權者（2）林前15:24；弗2:2；

7）主權（2）徒5:4；林前7:37；

8）權勢（2）路22:53；西1:13；

9）權柄的（2）可1:27；啓18:1；

10）權利（1）來13:10；

11）權柄的人（1）可1:22；

12）有權柄的人（1）路12:11；

13）權下（1）徒26:18；

14）管轄（1）路23:7；

15）自由（1）林前8:9