λαγχάνω,
fut. λήξομαι Pl. R. 617e; Ion. λάξομαι (cf. λάξις) Hdt. 7.144: aor. ἔλᾰχον Il. 9.367, etc.; ἔλλαχον h.Cer. 87, v.l. for ἔλλαβεν in Theoc. 25.271; λάχον Il. 4.49, al.; Aeol. opt. 1 sg. λαχόην Sapph. 9 (λαχοίην A.D. Synt. 247.25); for λέλᾰχον v. infr. IV: pf. εἴληχα A. Th. 376, 423, etc.: plpf. εἰλήχει Pl. Phd. 107d; poet. and Ion. λέλογχα Pi. O. 1.53, B. 9.39, Emp. 20.3, E. Tr. 282 (lyr.), Hdt. 7.53, Test. ap. D. 21.82, D.H. 4.83, etc., but not in early Att. Prose; 3 pl. λελογχᾰσι (ν) Od. 11.304, Emp. 102, but λελᾰχᾱσι Id. 115.5; part. λελαχώς Phld. D. 1.17; Dor. 3 sg. λελόγχει Theoc. 4.40: plpf. ἐλελόγχει Luc. Am. 18: -
Pass., aor. ἐλήχθην Lys. 17.8, Isa 9.24, D. 38.20: pf. εἴληγμαι E. Tr. 296, D. 30.34; 3 pl. λελάχαται Perict. ap. Stob. 4.28.19: I c. acc. rei,
I
1. obtain by lot, of spoils, opp. ἐξαιρεῖσθαι, Od. 14.233, cf. Il. 9.367, etc.: generally, obtain as one’s portion, τὸ γὰρ λάχομεν γέρας ἡμεῖς 4.49; λαχόντα τε ληΐδος αἶσαν 18.327; πρὸς δαιμόνων ὄλβον Pi. N. 9.45; μέζονας μοίρας λ. Heraclit. 25; μοῖραν ἴσην, ὡς αὐτοί περ ἐλάγχανον Od. 20.282, cf. Hdt. 7.144: with inf. added, ἔλαχον πολιὴν ἅλα ναιέμεν I had the sea for my portion to dwell in, Il. 15.190, cf. Pi. O. 6.34, A. Eu. 931 (anap.); ἔλαχ’ ἄναξ δούλην σ’ ἔχειν E. Tr. 278, cf. 282 (lyr.); of a deity as presiding over one’s life, ἐμὲ μὲν Κὴρ.. λάχε γεινόμενόν περ Il. 23.79; τῶ σκληρῶ μάλα δαίμονος ὅς με λελόγχει Theoc. 4.40; δαίμων ὁ τὴν ἡμετέραν μοῖραν εἰληχώς Lys. 2.78; ὦ δαῖμον, ὅς με.. εἴληχας Alciphr. 3.49: also, esp. in pf., to be the tutelary deity of a place, protect it. [ Πὰν] πάντα λόφον.. λέλογχε h.Hom. 19.6; θεοῖσι οἳ Περσίδα γῆν λελόγχασι Hdt. 7.53; παῖ Ῥέας, ἃ πρυτανεῖα λέλογχας Pi. N. 11.1; of Athena, ἣ τὴν ὑμετέραν πόλιν ἔλαχε Pl. Ti. 23d, cf. E. Or. 319 (lyr.), Ph. 1576 (lyr.): metaph., ἀκέρδεια λέλογχεν θαμινὰ κακαγόρος Pi. O. 1.53: freq. of persons who have a post assigned to them by lot, κλήρῳ νῦν πεπάλασθε διαμπερές, ὅς κε λάχῃσι Il. 7.171, cf. 179, 23.354, 862: c. inf., κλήρῳ λάχον ἐνθάδ’ ἕπεσθαι 24.400; so πάλῳ λαχεῖν A. Th. 55, Hdt. 4.94, cf. 3.128; ὡς ἐν πύλαις ἕκαστος εἴληχεν πάλον A. Th. 376: abs., πρὸς Θύμβρης ἔλαχον Δύκιοι had their post assigned near Thymbra, Il. 10.430; ἐπί, ἐν πύλαις λ., A. Th. 423, 451, etc.; λαχών alone, Hdt. 3.128, etc.; λ. τινὰ διδάσκαλον have him assigned to one by lot, Antipho 6.11.
2. at Athens, obtain an office by lot, ἀρχὰς λαχεῖν, opp. χειροτονηθῆναι (to be elected), D. 57.25, cf. Ar. Av. 1111; οὐδεμίαν [ἀρχὴν] λαχὼν οὐδὲ χειροτονηθείς Aeschin. 1.106: more freq. c. inf., ὁ τῷ κυάμῳ λαχὼν πολεμαρχέειν he who had the lot to be polemarch, Hdt. 6.109; ἔλαχον πρότεροι ἀποδιδόναι Th. 5.21, cf. 35; λαχὼν.. ἱερομνημονεῖν Ar. Nu. 623; λαχόντος βουλεύειν when I became Member of Council by lot, D. 21.111, cf. 59.3, Pl. Grg. 473e: c. gen., λαχεῖν τῶν ἐξιόντων to be chosen by lot as one of.., D. 21.133; also οἱ ταμίαι οἱ λαχόντες IG 12.91.21; λαχεῖν βασιλεύς, ἐπιμελητής, ἱερεύς, etc., Lys. 6.4, Din. 2.10, D. 57.47, etc.; ἐπίσκοπος τῷ κυάμῳ λαχών Ar. Av. 1022; οἱ πεντακόσιοι [οἱ] λαχόντες τῷ κυάμῳ Lexap. And. 1.96: abs., κληρούχους τοὺς λαχόντας those on whom the lot fell, Th. 3.50, cf. Pl. Lg. 765c; τοὺς λαχόντας προέδρους SIG 465.6 (Athens, iii B. C.); rare exc. in Athens, λαχὼν ἱερεύς ib.762.12 (Dionysopolis, i B. C.), etc.
3. as Att. law-term, λαγχάνειν δίκην obtain leave to bring a suit (esp. a private suit), prob. because the presiding magistrates decided the order of hearing by lot; λ. δίκην τινί against one, Pl. Euthphr. 5b, Lg. 938b, cf. Aeschin. 2.99; ἔγκλημά τινι D. 34.16; τὸν εἰληχότα τοῦ κλήρου τὴν δίκην the person suing for the inheritance, [Isa 8:3]: without τὴν δίκην, εἴληχε μὲν αὑτῷ τῆς θυγατρὸς τῆς Εὐκτήμονος ὡς οὔσης ἐπικλήρου he has claimed Euctemon’s daughter.., Id. 6.46, cf. D. 48.20; λ. τινὶ τοῦ συμβολαίου Lys. 17.3; λ. φόνου ἐμαυτῷ D. 21.120; also λ. τῷ υἱεῖ τῆς ἐπικλήρου prosecute the claim on his son’s behalf, And. 1.121, cf. 124; λ. δίκην τινὶ εἰς τοὺς Ἀμφικτύονας χιλίων ταλάντων ὑπέρ τινος D. 59.98, cf. Isoc. 16.2: abs., λ. πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα Isa 11.33: metaph., τοῦ σώματος [τῇ ψυχῇ] δίκην λαχόντος Democr. 159: - Pass., πρὸς οὓς αἱ δίκαι ἐλήχθησαν Lys. 17.8; πρὸ τοῦ τὴν δίκην ληχθῆναι D. 54.28: impers., τούτοις λαγχάνεται proceedings are taken, Id. 23.76.
II c. gen. partit., become possessed of a thing, ὥς κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς δώρων ἐκ Πριάμοιο λάχῃ Il. 24.76; ἔλαχον κτερέων Od. 5.311, cf. Thgn. 934, Pi. I. 8(7).69, Fr. 75.6, B. 1.56, 9.39, Lyr.Adesp. 53, Emp. 102, 115.5, Democr. 21; εὖ πραπίδων λαχόντα A. Ag. 380 (lyr.); χρυσῆς.. τιμῆς λαχεῖν S. Ant. 699; οὔ τι μὴ λάχωσι τοῦδε συμμάχου Id. OC 450; γέννας ἀφθίτου λαχόντες Id. Fr. 278; διπλοῦ βίου λαχόντες E. Supp. 1086; πατρῴων οὐ λαχών not having obtained thy patrimony, Id. Tr. 1192; τῆς εὐπρεπεστάτης τελευτῆς Th. 2.44; δείπνου τε καὶ ὕπνου λαγχάνομεν X. Hier. 6.9; also χθονὸς λαχεῖν τοσοῦτον ἐνθανεῖν μόνον S. OC 790; γάμου μέρος λαχοῦσα Id. Ant. 918; τύμβου κοινὸν εἰληχὼς μέρος Id. El. 1135; τῆς γῆς τὸ πρὸς Νότον εἴληχε Παλλάς Id. Fr. 24.8.
III abs., draw lots, κατάστασις ἡ διὰ τοῦ λαγχάνειν γιγνομένη Isoc. 7.23, cf. D.S. 4.63, etc.; περί τινος D. 21 Arg.2[*][*] 3, 4, [Joh 19:24]. causal only in redupl. aor. λέλᾰχον, put in possession of a thing, grant one the rights of.., ὄφρα πυρός με Τρῶες.. λελάχωσι θανόντα Il. 7.80, cf. 15.350, 23.76: later this aor. is used intr. in AP 7.341 (Procl.). intr., fall to one’s lot or share, ἐς ἑκάστην [νῆα] ἐννέα λάγχανον αἶγες nine goats were allotted to each, Od. 9.160; αἰὼν δυσαίων ἔλαχεν E. Hel. 214 (lyr.); ὅσοις.. τὸ σωφρονεῖν εἴληχεν Id. Hipp. 80; τὸ λαχὸν μέρος ἑκάστῳ τῷ θεῷ Pl. Lg. 745e, cf. Epin. 992d; τὴν πρὸς Νότον λαχεῖν φασι Δευκαλίωνι Str. 9.5.23.