γραμμᾰτ-εύς, έως, ὁ,

1. secretary, registrar, title of officials at Athens and elsewhere, IG 12.15, etc.; ὁ γ. ὁ τῆς πόλεως Th. 7.10; γ. τοῦ δήμου OGI 493.10 (Ephesus, ii A. D.), Act 19:35; γ. ἀνδραπόδων PHib. 29.7; γ. τῶν μαχίμων UPZ 110.145 (ii B. C.); γ. τοῦ θεοῦ IG 9(2).1109.21 (Magn. Thess.); also of subordinate officials, clerk, sts. a term of contempt, ὄλεθρος γ. D. 18.127; θεοῖς ἐχθρὸς καὶ γ. Id. 19.95; ἡ γ., in joke, Ar. Th. 432.

2. metaph., recorder, of memory, Pl. Phlb. 39a.

3. scholar, γ. σαφής A. Fr. 358 (s. v. l.).

4. one who traces or marks out, of Egyptian embalmers, D.S. 1.91.

γραμματεύς grammateus 63x

    a scribe; a clerk, town-clerk, registrar, recorder, Act 19:35; one skilled in the Jewish law, a teacher or interpreter of the law, Mat 2:4; Mat 5:20, et al. freq.; genr. a religious teacher, Mat 13:52; by synec. any one distinguished for learning or wisdom, 1Co 1:20 scribe; teacher of the law.

G1122 — γραμματεύς

γραμματέως (accusative plural γραμματεῖς, Winers Grammar, § 9, 2; (Buttmann, 14 (13))), ὁ (γράμμα), the Sept. for סֹפֵר and שֹׁטֵר;

1. in secular authors and here and there in the O. T. (e. g. 2Sa 8:17; 2Sa 20:25; 2Ki 19:2; 2Ki 25:19; Psa 44:2, a clerk, scribe, especially a public scribe, secretary, recorder, whose office and influence differed in different states: Act 19:35 (Sir. 10:5); (cf. Lightfoot in The Contemporary Review for 1878, p. 294; Wood, Discoveries at Ephesus, Appendix, Inscriptions from the Great Theatre, p. 49 n.),

2. in the Bible, a man learned in the Mosaic law and in the sacred writings, an interpreter, teacher: Mat 23:34; 1Co 1:20 (called also νομικός in Luk 10:25, and νομοδιδάσκαλος in Luk 5:17; (Meyer (on Mat 22:35), while denying any essential different between γραμματεύς and νομικός (cf. Luk 11:52, Luk 11:53 — yet see critical texts), regards the latter name as the more specific (a jurisconsult) and Classic, γραμματεύς as the more general (a learned man) and Hebraistic; it is also the more common in the Apocrypha, where νομικός occurs only 4 Macc. 5:3. As teachers they were called νομοδιδάσκαλοι. Cf. B. D. under the word , also under the word I. 1 note)); Jer 8:8 (cf. 2:8); Neh 8:1; Neh 12:26, Neh 12:36; Neh 12:2 Esdr. 7:6, 11, and especially Sir. 38:24, 31ff Sir. 39:1-11. The γραμματεῖς explained the meaning of the sacred oracles, Mat 2:4 (γραμματεῖς τοῦ λαοῦ, Jos 1:10; Jos 1:1 Macc. 5:42; cf. Sir. 44:4); ; Mar 9:11; Mar 12:35; examined into the more difficult and subtile questions of the law, Mat 9:3; Mar 2:6; Mar 12:28; added to the Mosaic law decisions of various kinds thought to elucidate its meaning and scope, and did this to the detriment of religion, Mat 5:20; Mat 15:1ff; 23:2ff; Mar 7:1ff; cf. Luk 11:46. Since the advice of men skilled in the law was needed in the examination of causes and the solution of difficult questions, they were enrolled in the Sanhedrin; and accordingly in the N. T. they are often mentioned in connection with the priests and elders of the people: Mat 21:15; Mat 26:3 R G; Mar 11:18, Mar 11:27; Mar 14:1; Mar 15:1; Luk 19:47; Luk 20:1; Luk 22:2. Cf. Schürer, Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 25 ii.; Klöpper in Schenkel v. 247ff; (and thorough articles in BB. DD. under the word ; cf. Winer's Grammar, Robertson Smith, The O. T. in the Jewish Ch., Lect. iii.):

3. universally, a religious teacher: γραμματεύς μαθητευθείς εἰς τήν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν a teacher so instructed that from his learning and ability to teach advantage may redound to the kingdom of heaven, Mat 13:52 (but G T Tr WH read μαθητευθείς τῇ βασιλεία (L ἐν τῇ βασιλείαν); and many interpret made a disciple unto the kingdom of heaven (which is personified); see μαθητεύω, at the end).

γραμματεύς , - έως

( acc pl ., - εῖς , v. B1., § 8, 2), ὁ

( < γράμμα ),

[in LXX always for H7860 in Hex., elsewhere chiefly for H5608;]

1. a secretary; γ . τ . πόλεως , a state-clerk: Act 19:35.

2. In Papyri, of a military officer ( Deiss., BS , 110 f .). So Jdg 5:14 , 2Ki 25:19 (H5608), al.

3. a scribe, a biblical scholar, teacher of the law (so first in 1Es 8:3, Ezr 7:6; in Luk 5:17, νομοδιδάσκαλος ; in Luk 10:25, νομικός ): Mat 7:29, Mar 1:22, and freq . in Gosp. γ . καὶ ἀρχιερεῖς , Mat 2:4, et. ; γ . κ . Φαρισαῖοι , Mat 5:20, et. ; γ . μαθητευθεὶς τῇ βασιλείᾳ τ . οὐρ ., Mat 13:52; ποῦ σοφός ; ποῦ γ ., 1Co 1:20 ( Cremer , 167; DB, iv, 420, 800).

詞類次數：名詞（67）

原文字根：寫（者） 相當於：H5608（סָפַר‎ / סׄפֵר‎）

字義溯源：書寫者，書記，文士；源自（G1121（γράμμα）=書寫）；而G1121（γράμμα）出自（G1125（γράφω / καταγράφω）*=銘記）。這裏所說的書記，並非普通的記錄抄寫員，他們乃是文士或律法師，專門替那些不懂律法的百姓去解釋詮明律法的內容。新約常將文士與法利賽人相題並論，其實，文士不一定是法利賽人，而法利賽人也不一定是文士。如果一個人是文士，又是法利賽人，他是高尚而受尊敬的人。一個人要成為文士，他得從15歲起受12年的教導。文士到了40歲就有資格去教導年青人去學習作文士。許多能解釋律法的人，都是農人，有技術的人，否則只會說，卻沒有實際的技術經歷，往往是不受人重視的。律法師和律法專家，他們的目標，是盼望他們對律法的觀點與判斷，能被提供到議會（猶太人最高的法庭）中去。主耶穌在山上宣講那些有福的話後，接著就說，他來不是要廢掉律法和先知，乃是要成全（太5:17）；並且要求他的聽眾說，你們的義若不勝過文士和法利賽人的義，斷不能進天國（太5:20）。主耶穌說話常常先肯定猶太長者的話（你們聽見有吩咐古人的話，說，），接著使說，只是我告訴你們，如何，如何；這就是說，主耶穌在此宣布天國的新律法（太5:21,22）。這無異否定了文士和法利賽人的地位與講解，因此他們時常向主耶穌挑釁，到處去找主耶穌的話柄。保羅向哥林多信徒說到神的智慧說，智慧人在那裏，文士在那裏，這世上的辯士在那裏。神豈不是叫這世上的智慧變成愚拙麼。世人憑自己的智慧，既不認識神，神就樂意用人所當作愚拙的道理，拯救那些信的人；這就是神的智慧了（林前1:20,21）。這些話遠遠超過文士和法利賽人對律法的解釋，恐怕他們要長期徘徊於這愚拙道理的門口，自己進不去，又要擱阻別人進去

出現次數：總共（66）；太（25）；可（21）；路（14）；約（1）；徒（4）；林前（1）

譯字彙編：

1）文士（65）太2:4；太5:20；太7:29；太8:19；太9:3；太12:38；太13:52；太15:1；太16:21；太17:10；太20:18；太21:15；太23:2；太23:13；太23:14；太23:15；太23:23；太23:25；太23:27；太23:29；太23:34；太26:3；太26:57；太27:20；太27:41；可1:22；可2:6；可2:16；可3:22；可7:1；可7:5；可8:31；可9:11；可9:14；可10:33；可11:18；可11:27；可12:28；可12:32；可12:35；可12:38；可14:1；可14:43；可14:53；可15:1；可15:31；路5:21；路5:30；路6:7；路9:22；路11:53；路15:2；路19:47；路20:1；路20:19；路20:39；路20:46；路22:2；路22:66；路23:10；約8:3；徒4:5；徒6:12；徒23:9；林前1:20；

2）書記（1）徒19:35