ὑπέρ [ῠ ],

also ὑπείρ, used by Hom. (metri gr.) only in the phrase ὑπεὶρ ἅλα (v. ὑπείρ); Arc. ὁπέρ (q. v.): in Aeol. replaced by περί (v. περί A. V): Pr governing gen. and acc., in Arc. also dat. (Cf. Skt. upaári ’above’, Goth. ufar, O E. ofer ’over’: - from it are formed the Comp. and Sup. ὑπέρτερος, -τατος, also Adv. ὕπερθεν, and Nouns ὑπέρα, ὕπερος.)

WITH GENIT.,

I of Place, over;

1 in a state of rest, over, above, freq. in Hom., βάλε.. στέρνον ὑ. μαζοῖο Il. 4.528; χιτωνίσκους ἐνεδεδύκεσαν ὑ. γονάτων not reaching to the knees, X. An. 5.4.13; ἕστηκε.. ὅσον τ’ ὄργυι’ ὑ. αἴης Il. 23.327; εἴθ’ ὑ. γῆς, εἴτ’ ἐπὶ γῆς, εἴθ’ ὑπὸ γῆς Thphr. Ign. 1; στῆ δ’ ἄρ’ ὑ. κεφαλῆς stood over his head as he lay asleep, Il. 2.20, Od. 4.803, al.; πασάων ὕ. ἥ γε κάρη ἔχει 6.107; ὑ. πόλιος, ὅθι Ἕρμαιος λόφος ἐστίν, ἦα 16.471; ὑ. κεφαλῆς οἱ ἐγίνετο διεξελαύνοντι over head, i. e. over the gateway, Hdt. 1.187; ὑ. τῆς ὀροφῆς IG 12.373.246; ὑ. τοῦ ἀγάλματος ib.264; ὄρος τὸ ὑ. Τεγέης Hdt. 6.105; τὰ ὑ. κεφαλῆς the higher ground, X. Ages. 2.20; Ἰονίας ὑ. ἁλὸς οἰκέων on the Ionian sea, i.e. on its shores, Pi. N. 7.65; λιμὴν καὶ πόλις ὑ. αὐτοῦ κεῖται Th. 1.46, cf. 6.4, D.C. 40.14: of relative geographical position, above, farther inland, οἰκέοντες ὑ. Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ μεσόγαιαν Hdt. 1.175; ἐξ Αἰθιοπίας τῆς ὑ. Αἰγύπτου Th. 2.48; τοῖς ὑ. Χερρονήσου Θρᾳξίν X. An. 2.6.2; ὑ. Μασσαλίας Plb. 2.14.8, cf. 5.73.3, al.: in Hellenistic Gr. the acc. is commoner in this sense, v. infr. B. I. of ships at sea, off a place, Th. 1.112, 8.95; ναυμαχίην τὴν ὑ. Μιλήτου γενομένην Hdt. 6.25; ὑ. τούτου (sc. Φαλήρου) ἀνακωχεύσαντες τὰς νέας ib. 116.

2. in a state of motion, over, across, κῦμα νηὸς ὑ. τοίχων καταβήσεται Il. 15.382; τὸν δ’ ὑ. οὐδοῦ βάντα προσηύδα Od. 17.575; πηδῶντος.. τάφρων ὕ. S. Aj. 1279; ὑ. θαλάσσης καὶ χθονὸς ποτωμένοις A. Ag. 576; ἐκκυβιστᾶν ὑ. [τῶν ξιφῶν ] X. Smp. 2.11.

3. over, beyond, ἐν Κρήτῃ εὐρείῃ τηλοῦ ὑ. πόντου Od. 13.257.

II metaph., in defence of, on behalf of, τεῖχος ἐτειχίσσαντο νεῶν ὕ. Il. 7.449; ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι ὑ. Δαναῶν 1.444: generally, for the prosperity or safety of, τὰ ἱερὰ ὑ. τῆς Εὐβοίας θῦσαι IG 12.39.65, cf. 45.5; ἱερὰ θυόμενα ὑ. τῆς πόλεως X. Mem. 2.2.13; ἐπιτελεῖν τὰς θυσίας ὑ. τε ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν τέκνων UPZ 14.27 (ii B.C.); in dedications (always with reference to living persons), Σμικύθη μ’ ἀνέθηκεν.. εὐξαμένη.. ὑ. παίδων καὶ ἑαυτῆς IG 12.524, cf. 22.4403, 42(1).569 (Epid.); Ἀρτέμιδι Σωτείρᾳ ὑ. βασιλέως Πτολεμαίου Ἐπικράτης Ἀθηναῖος OGI 18 (Egypt, iii B. C.), cf. 365 (Amasia, ii B. C.), al.; ὑ. τῆς εἰς αἰῶνα διαμονῆς Ἀντωνείνου Καίσαρος ib.702.3 (Egypt, ii A.D.); ὑ. τῆς τύχης.. Ἀντωνείνου Σεβαστοῦ Εὐσεβοῦς ib.703.2 (Ptolemais, ii A.D.); ὑ. σωτηρίας τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν.. Ἀντωνείνου ib.706 (Egypt, ii/iii A. D.); εὑδόντων ὕ. φρούρημα A. Eu. 705; ὑ. τινὸς κινδυνεύειν, μάχεσθαι, βοηθεῖν, Th. 2.20, Pl. Lg. 642c, X. An. 3.5.6; ἧς ἔθνῃσχ’ ὕ. S. Tr. 708; ὑ. γῆς τῆς Ἀθηναίων ναυμαχέειν Hdt. 8.70; ὑ. τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀμῦναι Pl. Lg. 692d; ἀμυνῶ ὑ. ἱερῶν καὶ ὁσίων Jusj. ap. Poll. 8.105; νῦν ὑ. πάντων ἀγών A. Pers. 405; ὑ. δόξης τελευτήσαντες D. 23.210, cf. Isoc. 6.93; πάνθ’ ὑ. ὑμῶν φανήσεται πράξας Χαβρίας, καὶ τὴν τελευτὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ βίου πεποιημένος οὐχ ὑ. ἄλλου τινός in your interests, D. 20.80, cf. 83; ὑ. τῆς Ἀσίας στρατηγήσας Isoc. 4.154; of things sought, ὑ. τοῦ νεκροῦ ὠθισμὸς ἐγένετο πολύς Hdt. 7.225; ἀφίκετο ὑ. γενεᾶς, ὑ. φωνᾶς, ὑ. τοῦ θησαυροῦ, IG 42 (1).121.10,42, 123.11 (Epid., iv B.C.); γίνωσκέ με πεπορεῦσθαι εἰς Ἡρακλέους πόλιν ὑ. τῆς οἰκίας UPZ 68.3 (ii B. C.); sts. even of the thing to be averted, ἱκέσιον λόχον δουλοσύνας ὕ. about slavery, A. Th. 111 (lyr.), cf. Aeschin. 3.10.

2. for, instead of, in the name of, ὑ. ἑαυτοῦ τι προϊδεῖν on his own behalf, Th. 1.141; ὑ. τινὸς ἀποκρίνεσθαι Pl. R. 590a; προλέγειν X. An. 7.7.3; ἐπεὶ οὖν σὺ σιωπᾷς, ἐγὼ λέξω καὶ ὑ. σοῦ καὶ ὑ. ἡμῶν Id. Cyr. 3.3.14, cf. S. El. 554; ὑ. Ζήνωνος πράσσων as Zeno’s representative, PSI 4.389.8 (iii B. C.); ἔγραψεν ὑ. αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ φάσκειν αὐτοὺς μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα PGrenf. 2.17.9 (ii B. C.); θεάσασθε ὃν τρόπον ὑμεῖς ἐστρατηγηκότες πάντ’ ἔσεσθ’ ὑ. Φιλίππου as though by commission from P., D. 3.6; so in other dialects c. acc., v. infr. B. v.

3. in adjurations, with verbs of entreaty, entreat one as representative of another, τῶν ὕ. ἐνθάδ’ ἐγὼ γουνάζομαι οὐ παρεόντων, i. e. I entreat you as they would if they were here, Il. 15.665, cf. 660; then more metaph., by, λίσσομ’ ὑ. ψυχῆς (as you value your life) καὶ γούνων σῶν τε τοκήων 22.338, cf. 24.466; λίσσομ’ ὑ. θυέων καὶ δαίμονος.. σῆς τ’ αὐτοῦ κεφαλῆς καὶ ἑταίρων Od. 15.261; λίσσου’ ὑ. μακάρων σέο τ’ αὐτῆς ἠδὲ τοκήων A.R. 3.701; ὑ. ξενίου λίσσεται ὔμμε Διός in the name of Zeus, AP 7.499.2 (Theaet.); so Aeol. περ (v. περί A. V).

4. of the cause or motive, for, because of, by reason of, ἀλγέων ὕ. E. Supp. 1125 (lyr.); ὑ. παθέων Id. Hipp. 159 (lyr.); ἔριδος ὕ. Id. Andr. 490 (lyr.); of punishment or reward, for, on account of, τοῖσιν ἄγουσιν κλαύμαθ’ ὑπάρξει βραδυτῆτος ὕ. S. Ant. 932 (anap.), cf. Isoc. 11.39, Lys. 3.43, 4.20, 13.41,42, X. An. 1.3.4; ἀτῆθθαι ὑ. τῶ πατρὸς τὰ πατρώϊα the father’s property shall pay the fine for the father, Leg.Gort. 11.42; ἀποτεισάτω ὁ δεσπότης ὑ. τοῦ δούλου PHal. 1.198 (iii B. C.); τοῦτον (viz. a runaway slave) ὃς ἂν ἀναγάγῃ, λήψεται ὅσα καὶ ὑ. τοῦ προγεγραμμένου UPZ 121.24 (ii B. C.); τὸ κατεσκευασμένον ὑ. τῆς ἡμετέρας σωτηρίας Ἰσιδεῖον as a thank-offering for.., Sammelb. 3926.12 (i B. C.); ὑ. ὧν ἐτιμήσαμεν αὐτοὺς ταῖς μεγίσταις τιμαῖς Isoc. 9.57; ἀποδοῦναι χάριν ὑ. ὧν.. ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους εὐεργέτησεν Id. 4.56; of payment, ἡμιωβέλιον ὑ. ἑκάστου IG 12.140.2; μέτρησον Ποσειδωνίῳ ὑ. Ἡρακλείδου on account of H., i.e. debiting H.’s account, PFay. 16 (i B. C.); μετρήσω ὑ. σοῦ εἰς τὸ δημόσιον for the credit of your account, PAmh. 2.88.22 (ii A. D.); ὑ. λαογραφίας Ostr.Bodl. iii 80 (i A. D.); ὑ. λόγου ἀννώνης Ostr. 1479 (iii A. D.); ὑ. ὧν ἔμαθεν καταβαλεῖν μισθόν Jul. Or. 3.126a, cf. Ael. NA 3.39.

5. ὑ. τοῦ μή c. inf., for the purpose of preventing or avoiding, ὑ. τοῦ μηδένα.. βιαίῳ θανάτῳ ἀποθνῄσκειν X. Hier. 4.3; ὑ. τοῦ μὴ ποιεῖν τὸ προσταττόμενον Isoc. 7.64, cf. 12.80; τὴν πόλιν ἐκλιπεῖν ὑπέμειναν.. ὑ. τοῦ μὴ τὸ κελευόμενον ποιῆσαι D. 18.204: also without μή, for the sake of, ὑ. τοῦτοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπιτάττειν ἐθέλειν ἀποθνῄσκειν to be ready to die for the sake of.., Isoc. 6.94; μὴ τοσαύτην ποιεῖσθαι σπουδὴν ὑ. τοῦ βλάψαι τοὺς πολεμίους ἡλίκην ὑ. τοῦ μηδὲν αὐτοὺς παθεῖν δεινόν Plb. 3.94.9, cf. 5.32.1, 5.86.8: this constr. is found also in signf. A. 111.

III concerning, ὑ. σέθεν αῐσχε’ ἀκούω Il. 6.524; κᾶρυξ ἀνέειπέ νιν ἀγγέλλων Ἱέρωνος ὑ. καλλινίκου ἅρμασι Pi. P. 1.32; Σκύθαι μὲν ὧδε ὑ. σφέων τε αὐτῶν καὶ τῆς χώρης τῆς κατύπερθε λέγουσι Hdt. 4.8; τὰ λεγόμενα ὑ. ἑκάστων v.l. in Id. 2.123; τοὺς ὑ. τοῦ αἰῶνος φόβους Epicur. Sent. 20; διαλεχθῆναι, ἀγορεύειν ὑ. τινός, Pl. Ap. 39e, Lg. 776e; περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων τοσαῦτά μοι εἰρήσθω, ὑ. ὧν δέ μοι προσήκει λέγειν.. Lys. 24.4, cf. 21, 16.20; ὑ. οὗ.. ὁμολογῶ.. διαφέρεσθαι τούτοις D. 18.31; βουλευομένων ὑ. τοῦ ποίαν τινὰ [εἰρήνην ποιητέον ] Id. 19.94; ἔγραψάς μοι ὑ. τῶν καμίνων PCair.Zen. 273.2 (iii B. C.); ἐνεκάλουν ὑ. σύκων PSI 6.554.24 (iii B. C.); ἐπεδώκαμέν σοι ὑπόμνημα ὑ. τοῦ μὴ εἰληφέναι τὴν.. ὄλυραν UPZ 46.4 (ii B. C.); συλλαλήσαντες ὑ. τοῦ τὴν πόλιν ἐνδοῦναι τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις Plb. 1.43.1; θροῦς ὑ. τοῦ τὸν Λυκοῦργον ἐκπέμπειν talk of sending L., Id. 5.18.5, cf. 6; γνώμην ὑ. τῆς κοινῆς [δόξης ] Isoc. 6.93; ὑ. τῶν τούτου λῃτουργιῶν.. ὡδὶ γιγνώσκω D. 21.152; ἐκ τῶν ἐμφανῶν ὑ. τῶν ἀφανῶν πιστεύειν Jul. Or. 4.138b; with vbs. expressing emotion, ποίας.. γυναικὸς ἐκφοβεῖσθ’ ὕ.; S. OT 989; εἰ τὰ παρὰ σοὶ καλῶς ἔχει, θάρρει ὑ. ἐκείνων X. Cyr. 7.1.17; οὐδεὶς ὑ. μου δαιμόνων μηνίεται κατασφαγείσης A. Eu. 101 (approaching sense 11.1).

WITH ACCUS.,

I of Place in reference to motion, over, beyond, freq. in Hom., e.g. ὑ. ὦμον ἤλυθ’ ἀκωκή Il. 5.16, cf. 851; ἀλάλησθε.. ὑπεἰρ ἅλα Od. 3.73, cf. 7.135, al., A. Eu. 250, S. Ant. 1145 (lyr.); ὑ. τὸν δρύφακτον ὑπερτιθέμενοι Plb. 1.22.10: without such reference, ὑ. Ἡρακλείας στήλας ἔξω κατοικοῦσι Pl. Criti. 108e, cf. Jul. Or. 1.6d; τὰς κεφαλὰς ὑ. τὸ ὑγρὸν ὑπερίσχον Plb. 3.84.9; τῶν ὑ. τὸ Σαρδῷον πέλαγος τόπων Id. 2.14.6; ὑ. Μασσαλίαν Id. 2.16.1; λόφον κείμενον ὑ. τὴν ὁδόν Id. 2.27.5, cf. 3.47.2, al.; τῶν συριῶν ὑ. τὴν σκηνὴν οὐσῶν PHib. 1.38.7 (iii B. C.); οὐλὴ.. ὑ. ὀφρὺν δεξιάν PCair.Zen. 76.13 (iii B. C.); τὸ ὑ. τὸν ἔσχατον.. σπόνδυλον Sor. 1.102; ὑ. τὸν οὐρανόν Jul. Or. 4.135a.

II of Measure, above, exceeding, beyond, ὑ. τὸν ἀλαθῆ λόγον Pi. O. 1.28; ὑ. τὸ βέλτιστον A. Ag. 378 (lyr.); ὑ. ἐλπίδα S. Ant. 366 (lyr.); ὑ. δύναμιν Th. 6.16; μεγέθει ὑ. τοὺς ἐν τῇ νηΐ Pl. R. 488b; ὑ. ἄνθρωπον εἶναι Id. Lg. 839d, Luc. Vit.Auct. 2; ὑ. ἡμᾶς beyond our powers, Pl. Prm. 128b; ὑ. τὴν ἀξίαν E. HF 146; ὑ. τὴν οὐσίαν Pl. R. 372b; ὑ. τὸ ὕδωρ (cf. ὕδωρ 1.4) Luc. Pr.Im. 29. after Comp., than, δυνατώτεροι ὑ... LXX Jd. 18.26: so after Posit., τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὑ. αὐτόν better than he, ib. 3 Ki. 2.32.

2. of transgression, in violation of, ὑ. αἶσαν, opp. κατ’ αἶσαν, Il. 3.59, al.; ὑ. Διὸς αἶσαν 17.321; ὑ. μοῖραν 20.336; ὑ. μόρον (or ὑπέρμορον) ib. 30; ὑ. θεόν 17.327; ὑ. ὅρκια 3.299, al.

III of Number, above, upwards of, τὰ ὑ. δέκα μνᾶς [ξυμβόλαια ] IG 12.41.23, cf. 22.48, al.; ὑ. τεσσεράκοντα ἄνδρας Hdt. 5.64; ὑ. τετταράκοντα (sc. ἔτη) X. HG 5.4.13; ὑ. τὰ στρατεύσιμα ἔτη γεγονόσι Id. Cyr. 1.2.4; ὑ. ἥμισυ more than half, ib. 3.3.47. of Time, beyond, i.e. before, earlier than, ὁ ὑ. τὰ Μηδικὰ πόλεμος Th. 1.41; ὑ. τὴν φθοράν Pl. Ti. 23c. in some dialects, in sense A. 11.1,2, on behalf of, ὑ. τὰν πόλιν SIG 437 (Delph., iii B. C.), al., cf. IG 42(1).109iv113 (Epid., iii B. C.), 5(2).438-40,442 (Megalop., ii B. C.), 42(1).380,665 (Epid., i A. D.), IPE 4.71.10 (Cherson., ii A. D.); in sense A. 111, concerning, ἐπικράνθη μοι ὑ. ὑμᾶς LXX Rth 1:13.

WITH DAT., only Arc., μαχόμενοι ὑ. τᾷ τᾶς πόλιος ἐλευθερίᾳ fighting for.., IG 5(2).16 (Tegea, iii B. C.).

POSITION: ὑπέρ may follow its Subst., but then by anastrophe becomes ὕπερ, Il. 5.339, Od. 19.450, al., S. OT 1444, etc. AS ADV., over-much, above measure, ὑπὲρ μὲν ἄγαν E. Med. 627 (lyr.); also written ὑπεράγαν, Str. 3.2.9, Ael. NA 3.38, etc.; cf. ὑπέρφευ: as a predicate, διάκονοι Χριστοῦ εἰσι; ὑπὲρ ἐγώ I am more [than they], 2Co 11:23.

IN COMPO S. ὑπέρ signifies over, above, in all relations, e. g.,

1 of Place, over, beyond, as in ὑπεράνω, ὑπέργειος, ὑπερβαίνω, ὑπερπόντιος.

2. of doing a thing for or in defence of, as in ὑπερμαχέω, ὑπερασπίζω, ὑπεραλγέω.

3. above measure, as in ὑπερήφανος, ὑπερφίαλος.

ὑπέρ hyper 150x

    (1) gen., above, over; met. in behalf of, Mat 5:44; Mar 9:40; Joh 17:19; instead of beneficially, Phm 1:13; in maintenance of, Rom 15:8; for the furtherance of, Joh 11:4; 2Co 1:6; 2Co 1:8; for the realization of, Php 2:13; equivalent to περί, about, concerning, with the further signification of interest or concern in the subject, Act 5:41; Rom 9:27; 2Co 5:12; 2Co 8:23; 2Th 2:1.

    (2) acc., over, beyond; met. beyond, more than, Mat 10:37; 2Co 1:8; used after comparative terms, Luk 16:8; 2Co 12:13; Heb 4:12.

    (3) in NT as an adv., in a higher degree, in fuller measure, 2Co 11:23

ὑπερλίαν , Adv. beyond measure,

exceedingly, σ

1184.18 ; οἱ ὑ. ἀπόστολοι the ’super -Apostles’,

2Co 11:5 , 2Co 12:11 .

ὑπερεκ-περισσοῦ , Adv. superabundantly, Eph 3:20, 1Th 3:10 ( v.l. ὑπερεκπερισσῶς ).

G5228 — ὑπέρ

(cf. English up, over, etc.), Latin super, over, a preposition, which stands before either the genitive or the accusative according as it is used to express the idea of state and rest or of motion over and beyond a place.

I. with the genitive; cf. Winer's Grammar, 382f (358f).

1. properly, of place, i. e. of position, situation, extension: over, above, beyond, across. In this sense it does not occur in the N. T.; but there it always, though joined to other classes of words, has a tropical signification derived from its original meaning.

2. equivalent to Latinpro, for, i. e. for one's safety, for one's advantage or benefit (one who does a thing for another, is conceived of as standing or bending 'over' the one whom he would shield or defend (cf. Winer's Grammar, as above)): προσεύχεσθε ὑπέρ τῶν..., Mat 5:44; Luk 6:28 (T Tr marginal reading WH περί (see 6 below)); Col 1:3 L Tr WH marginal reading (see 6 below); (Jam 5:16 L Tr marginal reading WH text), 9; εὔχομαι, Jam 5:16 (R G T Tr text WH marginal reading); after δέομαι, Act 8:24; and nouns denoting prayer, as δέησις, Rom 10:1; 2Co 1:11; 2Co 9:14; Phi 1:4; Eph 6:19; προσευχή, Act 12:5 (here L T Tr WH περί (see 6 below)); Rom 15:30; 1Ti 2:1, 1Ti 2:2; εἶναι ὑπέρ τίνος (opposed to κατά τίνος), to be for one i. e. to be on one's side, to favor and further one's cause, Mar 9:40; Luk 9:50; Rom 8:31, cf. 2Co 13:8; τό ὑπέρ τίνος that which is for one's advantage, Phi 4:10 (but see ἀναθάλλω and φρονέω, at the end); ἐντυγχάνω and ὑπερεντυγχάνω, Rom 8:26 R G, 27,34; Heb 7:25, cf. Heb 9:24; λέγω, Act 26:1 R WH text (see 6 below); μερίμνω, 1Co 12:25; ἀγρύπνω, Heb 13:17; ἀγωνίζομαι ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς, Col 4:12, cf. Rom 15:30; πρεσβεύω, Eph 6:20; 2Co 5:20; with a substantive: ζῆλος, 2Co 7:7; (Col 4:13 Rec.); πόνος, Col 4:13 (G L T Tr WH); σπουδή, 2Co 7:12; 2Co 8:16; διάκονος, Col 1:7; to offer offerings for, Act 21:26; to enter the heavenly sanctuary for (used of Christ), Heb 6:20; ἀρχειρεα καθίστασθαι, Heb 5:1; after the ideas of suffering, dying, giving up life, etc.: Rom 9:3; Rom 16:4; 2Co 12:15; after τήν ψυχήν τιθέναι (ὑπέρ τίνος), in order to avert ruin, death, etc., from one, Joh 10:11; Joh 13:37f; of Christ dying to procure salvation for his own, Joh 10:15; Joh 15:13; 1Jo 3:16; Christ is said τό αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐκχύνειν, passive, Mar 14:24 L T Tr WH (see 6 below); Luk 22:20 (WH reject the passage); ἀπολέσθαι, Joh 18:14 Rec.; ἀποθνῄσκειν, Joh 11:50ff; ( L T Tr WH); Act 21:13; Rom 5:7; of Christ undergoing death for man's salvation, Rom 5:6, Rom 5:8; Rom 14:15; 1Th 5:10 (here T Tr WH text περί (see 6 below); 1Pe 3:18 L T Tr WH text); γεύεσθαι θανάτου, Heb 2:9; σταυρωθῆναι, 1Co 1:13 (here L text Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading περί (see 6 below)); (of God giving up his Son, Rom 8:32); παραδιδόναι τινα ἑαυτόν, Gal 2:20; Eph 5:2, Eph 5:25; διδόναι ἑαυτόν, Tit 2:14; with a predicate accusative added, ἀντίλυτρον, 1Ti 2:6; τό σῶμα αὐτοῦ διδόναι, passive, Luk 22:19 (WH reject the passage), cf. 1Co 11:24; τυθῆναι (θυθῆναι, see θύω, at the beginning), 1Co 5:7; παθεῖν, 1Pe 2:21; 1Pe 3:18 (R G WH marginal reading; 4:1 R G); ἁγιάζειν ἑαυτόν, Joh 17:19. Since what is done for one's advantage frequently cannot be done without acting in his stead (just as the apostles teach that the death of Christ inures to our salvation because it has the force of an expiatory sacrifice and was suffered in our stead), we easily understand how ὑπέρ, like the Latinpro and our for, comes to signify

3. in the place of, instead of (which is more precisely expressed by ἀντί; hence, the two prepositions are interchanged by Irenaeus, adv. haer. 5, 1, τῷ ἰδίῳ αἵματι λυτρωσαμένου ἡμᾶς τοῦ κυρίου καί δόντος τήν ψυχήν ὑπέρ τῶν ἡμετέρων ψυχῶν καί τήν σάρκα τήν ἑαυτοῦ ἀντί τῶν ἡμετέρων σαρκῶν): ἵνα ὑπέρ σου μοι διακονῇ, Phi 1:13; ὑπέρ τῶν νεκρῶν βαπτίζεσθαι (see βαπτίζω, at the end), 1Co 15:29; (add, Col 1:7 L text Tr text WH text); in expressions concerning the death of Christ: εἷς ὑπέρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν (for the inference is drawn ἄρα οἱ πάντες ἀπέθανον, i. e. all are reckoned as dead), 2Co 5:14(15),15; add, 21; Gal 3:13. (On this debated sense of ὑπέρ, see Meyer and Van Hengel on Rom 5:6; Ellicott on Galatians and Philemon, the passages cited; Wieseler on Gal 1:4; Trench, Synonyms, § lxxxii.; Winer's Grammar, 383 (358) note.) Since anything, whether of an active or passive character which is undertaken on behalf of a person or thing, is undertaken 'on account of' that person or thing, ὑπέρ is used

4. of the impelling or moving cause; on account of, for the sake of, any person or thing: ὑπέρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζοης, to procure (true) life for mankind, Joh 6:51; to do or suffer anything ὑπέρ τοῦ ὀνόματος Θεοῦ, Ἰησοῦ, τοῦ κυρίου: Act 5:41; Act 9:16; Act 15:26; Act 21:13; Rom 1:5; 3Jo 1:7; πάσχειν ὑπέρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Phi 1:29; ὑπέρ τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ, 2Th 1:5; στενοχωριαι ὑπέρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, 2Co 12:10 (it is better to connect ὑπέρ etc. here with εὐδοκῶ); ἀποθνῄσκειν ὑπέρ Θεοῦ, Ignatius ad Rom. 4 [ET]. examples with a genitive of the thing are, Joh 11:4; Rom 15:8; 2Co 1:6; 2Co 12:19; ὑπέρ τῆς εὐδοκίας, to satisfy (his) good-pleasure, Phi 2:13; with a genitive of the person, 2Co 1:6; Eph 3:1, Eph 3:13; Col 1:24; δοξάζειν, εὐχαριστεῖν ὑπέρ τίνος (genitive of the thing), Rom 15:9; 1Co 10:30; ὑπέρ πάντων, for all favors, Eph 5:20; ἐυηξαρίστειν ὑπέρ with a genitive of the person, Rom 1:8 (here L T Tr WH περί (see 6 below)); 2Co 1:11; Eph 1:16; ἀγῶνα ἔχειν ὑπέρ with a genitive of the person Col 2:1 L T Tr WH (see 6 below); ὑπέρ (τῶν) ἁμαρτιῶν (or ἀγνοημάτων), to offer sacrifices, Heb 5:1, Heb 5:3 (here L T Tr WH περί (see 6 below)); Heb 7:27; Heb 9:7; ; ἀποθανεῖν, of Christ, 1Co 15:3; ἑαυτόν δοῦναι, Gal 1:4 R WH text (see 6 below).

5. Like the Latinsuper (cf. Klotz, HWB, d. Latin Spr. ii, p. 1497b; (Harpers' Latin Dict. under the word, II. B. 2 b.)), it frequently refers to the object under consideration, concerning, of, as respects, with regard to ((cf. Buttmann, § 147, 21); examples from secular authors are given in Winer's Grammar, 383 (358f)); so after καυχᾶσθαι, καύχημα, καύχησις (R. V. on behalf of): 2Co 5:12; 2Co 7:4, 2Co 7:14; 2Co 8:24; 2Co 9:2; 2Co 12:5; 2Th 1:4 (here L T Tr WH εγ( (or εν() καυχᾶσθαι); φυσιουσθαι, 1Co 4:6 (others refer this to 4 above; see Meyer edition Heinrici (cf. φυσιόω, 2 at the end)); ἐλπίς, 2Co 1:7 (6); ἀγνοεῖν, 8 (here L T Tr WH marginal reading περί (see 6 below)); φρονεῖν, Phi 1:7 (2 Macc. 14:8); ἐρωτᾶν, 2Th 2:1; κράζειν, to proclaim concerning, Rom 9:27; (παρακαλεῖν, 1Th 3:2 G L T Tr WH (see 6 below)); after εἰπεῖν, Joh 1:30 L T Tr WH (see 6 below); (so after verbs of saying, writing, etc., 2Sa 18:5; 2Ch 31:9; Joe 1:3; Judith 15:4; 1 Esdr. 4:49; 2 Macc. 11:35); εἴτε ὑπέρ Τίτου, whether inquiry be made about Titus, 2Co 8:23; ὑπέρ τούτου, concerning this, 2Co 12:8.

6. In the N. T. manuscripts, as in those of secular authors also, the prepositions ὑπέρ and περί are confounded (cf. Winers Grammar, 383 (358) note; § 50, 3; Buttmann, § 147, 21; Kühner, § 435, I. 2 e.; Meisterhans, § 49, 12; also Wieseler or Ellicott on Galatians, as below; Meyer on 1Co 15:3 (see περί, the passage cited δ.)); this occurs in the following passages: Mar 14:24; (Luk 6:28); Joh 1:30; Act 12:5; Act 26:1; Rom 1:8; 1Co 1:13; 2Co 1:8; Gal 1:4; Col 1:3; Col 2:1; (1Th 3:2; 1Th 5:10); Heb 5:3. (For ὑπέρ ἐκ περισσοῦ or ὑπέρ ἐκπερισσοῦ, see ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ.)

II. with the accusative (cf. Winers Grammar, § 49, e.); over, beyond, away over; more than;

1. properly, of the place 'over' or 'beyond' which, as in the Greek writings from Homer down; not thus used in the N. T., where it is always

2. metaphorically, of the measure or degree exceeded (cf. Buttmann, § 147, 21);

a. universally: εἶναι ὑπέρ τινα, to be above i. e. superior to one, Mat 10:24; Luk 6:40; τό ὄνομα τό ὑπέρ πᾶν ὄνομα namely, ὄν, the name superior to every (other) name, Phi 2:9; κεφαλήν ὑπέρ πάντα namely, οὖσαν, the supreme head or lord (A. V. head over all things), Eph 1:22; ὑπέρ δοῦλον ὄντα, more than a servant, Phi 1:16; more than (R. V. beyond), Phi 1:21; ὑπέρ πάντα, above (i. e. more and greater than) all, Eph 3:20a; ὑπέρ τήν λαμπρότητα τοῦ ἡλίου, above (i. e. surpassing) the brightness of the sun, Act 26:13; more (to a greater degree) than, φιλεῖν τινα ὑπέρ τινα, Mat 10:37 (examples from secular authors are given by Fritzsche at the passage); beyond, 1Co 4:6; 2Co 12:6; ὑπέρ ὁ δύνασθε, beyond what ye are able, beyond your strength, 1Co 10:13 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 590 (549)); also ὑπέρ δύναμιν, 2Co 1:8; opposed to κατά δύναμιν (as in Homer, Iliad 3, 59 κατ' Αισαν, ὀυδ' ὑπέρ Αισαν, cf. 6, 487; 17, 321. 327), 2Co 8:3 (where L T Tr WH παρά δύναμιν).

b. with words implying comparison: προκόπτειν, Gal 1:14; of the measure beyond which one is reduced, ή῾ττασθαι, 2Co 12:13 (Winer's Grammar, § 49 e.), (πλεονάζω, 1 Esdr. 8:72; περισσεύω, 1 Macc. 3:30; ὑπερβάλω, Sir. 25:11); after comparatives equivalent to than, Luk 16:8; Heb 4:12 (Jdg 11:25; 1Ki 19:4; Sir. 30:17); cf. Winers Grammar, § 35, 2; (Buttmann, § 147, 21).

c. ὑπέρ is used adverbially; as, ὑπέρ ἐγώ (L ὑπερεγώ (cf. Winers Grammar, 46 (45)), WH ὑπέρ ἐγώ (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 14, 2 Note)), much more (or in a much greater degree) I, 2Co 11:23; cf. Kypke at the passage; Winer's Grammar, 423 (394). (For ὑπέρ λίαν see ὑπερλίαν.)

III. In Composition ὑπέρ denotes

1. over, above, beyond: ὑπεράνω, ὑπερέκεινα, ὑπερεκτείνω.

2. excess of measure, more than: ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ, ὑπερνικάω.

3. aid, for; in defense of: ὑπερεντυγχάνω. Cf. Viger. edition Hermann, p. 668; Fritzsche on Romans, vol. i., p. 351; (Ellicott on Eph 3:20).

ὑπέρ

(when following subst .-poët.- ὕπερ ; so as adv. , 2Co 11:23), prep . c . gen ., acc

I. C. gen ., primarily of place (rest or motion), over, above, across, beyond, hence, metaph .,

1. for, on behalf of: of prayer, Mat 5:44, Act 8:24, Rom 10:1, Jas 5:16, al. ; of laying down life, Joh 10:11, Rom 9:3, al. ; esp . of Christ giving his life for man's redemption, Mar 14:24, Joh 10:15, Act 21:13, Rom 5:6-8, al. ; opp . to κατά , Mar 9:40, Luk 9:50, Rom 8:31.

2. Causal, for, because of, for the sake of: c . gen . pers ., Act 5:41, Rom 1:5, Php 1:29 , 2Co 12:10, al. ; c . gen . rei , Joh 11:4 Rom 15:8 , 2Co 1:6, al.

3. = ἀντί ( v. M , Pr., 105), for, instead of, in the name of: 1Co 15:29, 2Co 5:15 ; 2Co 5:21 Gal 3:13, Col 1:7, Phm 1:13 ( cf. Field, Notes , 225).

4. In more colourless sense, = περί ( M , Pr., l.c .), for, concerning, with regard to: Rom 9:27, 2Co 1:6; 2Co 8:23 ; 2Co 12:8, Php 1:7 , 2Th 2:1, al.

II. C . acc , primarily of place, over, beyond, across, hence, metaph ., of measure or degree in excess, above, beyond, over, more than: Mat 10:24; Mat 10:37, Luk 6:40, Act 26:13, 1Co 10:13, 2Co 1:8, Eph 1:22; Eph 3:20, Phm 1:16, al. ; after comparatives = than (Jdg 11:25, al. ), Luk 16:8, Heb 4:12.

III. As adv. ( v. supr . ad init.), more: ὕπερ ἐγώ , I more, 2Co 11:23; in compounds, see ὑπεράνω , ὑπερλίαν , ὑπερπερισσῶς .

I V. In composition: over ( ὑπεραίρω ), beyond ( ὑπερβάλλω ), more ( ὑπερνικάω ), on behalf of ( ὑπερεντυγχάνω ).

† ὑπερ - εκ - περισσ o ῦ ,

comp. adv. ( v. supr .),

superabundantly, ex-ceeding abundantly: 1Th 3:10; 1Th 5:13; seq . ὑπέρ , Eph 3:20 (not elsewhere). †

*† ὑπέρ - εκ - περισσῶς ,

comp. adv. ( v. supr .),

beyond measure, exceedingly: 1Th 5:13, WH , mg . ( cf. ἐκπερισσῶς ). †

詞類次數：介詞（160）

原文字根：在上 相當於：H5921（עַל‎ / עַל־כֵּן‎ / עַל־מוּת‎）

字義溯源：在上*，超過，橫過，為，為了，是為，為著，指著，對，替，代替，因，幫助，因⋯緣故，到，高過，過於，較比。這編號的意義因格而異：所有格：在上，代替，為了，關於。直接受格：在上，在外，高於，過於

出現次數：總共（150）；太（5）；可（2）；路（5）；約（13）；徒（7）；羅（17）；林前（10）；林後（34）；加（4）；弗（10）；腓（7）；西（7）；帖前（1）；帖後（3）；提前（4）；多（1）；門（3）；來（11）；雅（1）；彼前（2）；約壹（2）；約叄（1）

譯字彙編：

1）為（74）太5:44；可14:24；路22:19；約10:11；約10:15；約11:4；約13:37；約13:38；約15:13；徒5:41；徒8:24；徒15:26；徒21:13；徒21:26；羅5:6；羅5:7；羅5:7；羅5:8；羅8:32；羅9:3；羅15:8；羅15:30；林前1:13；林前15:3；林前15:29；林前15:29；林後1:11；林後5:14；林後5:15；林後5:20；林後7:14；林後8:16；林後8:24；林後9:14；林後12:5；林後12:5；林後12:8；林後12:15；加1:4；加2:20；加3:13；弗3:1；弗3:13；弗5:2；弗5:25；弗6:20；腓1:4；腓1:7；腓1:29；西1:7；西1:9；西1:24；西2:1；西4:12；西4:13；帖後1:5；提前2:1；提前2:2；提前2:2；提前2:6；多2:14；門1:13；來2:9；來5:1；來6:20；來7:27；來9:7；來9:24；來10:12；來13:17；彼前2:21；約壹3:16；約壹3:16；約叄1:7；

2）替（11）約11:50；約11:51；約11:52；約18:14；羅8:27；羅8:34；羅14:15；林後5:20；林後5:21；來5:1；來7:25；

3）為著（8）路22:20；約6:51；林前11:24；林後13:8；弗5:20；弗6:19；西1:24；帖前3:2；

4）過於（5）太10:37；太10:37；林前4:6；林前10:13；門1:21；

5）超過（4）徒26:13；林後12:6；弗3:20；來4:12；

6）對（4）林後1:7；林後7:12；林後9:3；腓4:10；

7）高過（3）太10:24；太10:24；路6:40；

8）幫助（3）可9:40；路9:50；羅8:31；

9）因（3）林後5:12；林後7:4；帖後1:4；

10）為了（2）徒9:16；羅16:4；

11）到（2）林後8:23；林後9:2；

12）為⋯的緣故（2）約17:19；林後12:10；

13）是為（2）林後1:6；林後12:19；

14）更有（1）加1:14；

15）就為（1）弗1:16；

16）於（1）林後12:13；

17）遠超⋯之外（1）林後1:8；

18）超乎⋯之上（1）腓2:9；

19）作（1）弗1:22；

20）既然（1）腓1:29；

21）高於（1）門1:16；

22）要（1）雅5:16；

23）論到（1）帖後2:1；

24）更是（1）林後11:23；

25）照著（1）腓2:13；

26）代替（1）彼前3:18；

27）向（1）林後7:7；

28）因著（1）羅15:9；

29）高抬（1）林前4:6；

30）是要（1）羅10:1；

31）指著（1）羅9:27；

32）叫人（1）羅1:5；

33）被人（1）林前10:30；

34）能（1）林前12:25；

35）用（1）林後1:11；

36）就（1）約1:30；

37）關於（1）林後1:8；

38）較比（1）路16:8；

39）也是為（1）林後1:6；

40）那為（1）林後5:15