κατά (katá|kat-ah'|preposition|according to)
[Grk] κατά, καθεῖς, καθημέραν, κατακύπτω LN: 28.67, 31.31, 49.16, 56.10, 58.51, 63.16, 67.33, 67.35, 70.4, 78.22, 83.12, 83.34, 83.38, 83.44, 83.45, 84.21, 84.30, 84.31, 88.200, 89.4, 89.8, 89.56, 89.90, 89.113, 90.29, 90.31 GK: G2758, G2765, G2848, G2893
Derivation: a primary particle;
Strong's: (prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
KJV: --about, according as (to), after, against, (when they were) X alone, among, and, X apart, (even, like) as (concerning, pertaining to touching), X aside, at, before, beyond, by, to the charge of, (charita-)bly, concerning, + covered, (dai-)ly, down, every, (+ far more) exceeding, X more excellent, for, from … to, godly, in(-asmuch, divers, every, -to, respect of), … by, after the manner of, + by any means, beyond (out of) measure, X mightily, more, X natural, of (up-)on (X part), out (of every), over against, (+ your) X own, + particularly, so, through(-oughout, -oughout every), thus, (un-)to(-gether, -ward), X uttermost, where(-by), with. In composition it retains many of these applications, and frequently denotes opposition, distribution, or intensity.κατά
[ κᾰτᾰ ], poet. καταί acc. to A.D. Synt. 309.28, found in Compds., as καταιβάτης: Pr with gen. or acc.: -
downwards. WITH GEN.,
I denoting motion from above, down from, βῆ δὲ κατ’ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων, κατ’ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων, βαλέειν κ. πέτρης, Il. 22.187, 16.677, Od. 14.399; κατ’ οὐρανοῦ εἰλήλουθας Il. 6.128; καθ’ ἵππων ἀΐξαντε ib. 232; δάκρυα.. κ. βλεφάρων Χαμάδις ῥέε 17.438; ἵεις σαυτὸν κ. τοῦ τείχους Ar. V. 355; ἁλόμενοι κ. τῆς πέτρας X. An. 4.2.17; κ. τῶν πετρῶν ὦσαι Pl. Phdr. 229c; κ. κρημνῶν ῥιφέντες Id. Lg. 944a: - for κατ’ ἄκρης v. ἄκρα: Μοῖσα κ. στόματος Χέε νέκταρ Theoc. 7.82 (but perh. in sense 11.1).
II denoting downward motion,
1 down upon or over, κ. Χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας Il. 3.217; of the dying, κατὰ.. ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ’ ἀχλύς a cloud settled upon the eyes, 5.696, cf. 20.321; τὸν δὲ κατ’ ὀφθαλμῶν.. νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν 13.580; φᾶρος κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε down over.., Od. 8.85; [ κόπρος ] κ. σπείους κέχυτο.. πολλή 9.330; ὕδωρ κ. Χειρός, v. Χείρ; μύρον κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς καταχέαντες Pl. R. 398a; νάρκη μου κ. τῆς Χειρὸς καταχεῖται Ar. V. 713; κ. τῆς τραπέζης καταπάσας τέφραν Id. Nu. 177; ξαίνειν κ. τοῦ νώτου πολλὰς [ πληγάς ] D. 19.197; ἐσκεδασμένοι κ. τῆς Χώρας Plb. 1.17.10; οἱ κ. νώτου πονοῦντες Id. 3.19.7; ῥόπαλον ἤλασα κὰκ κεφαλῆς Theoc. 25.256; κ. κόρρης παίειν, = ἐπὶ κόρρης, Luc. Cat. 12, al. Geom., along, upon, πίπτειν κατ’ [ εὐθείας ] Archim. Sph.Cyl. 1 Def. 2; αἱ γωνίαι κ. κύκλων περιφερειῶν ἐνεχθήσονται will move on.., ib.1.23, al., cf. Aristarch.Sam. 1.
2. down into, νέκταρ στάξε κ. ῥινῶν Il. 19.39; of a dart, κ. γαίης ᾤχετο 13.504, etc.; ἔθηκε κατ’ ὄχθης μείλινον ἔγχος 21.172; ψυχὴ κ. Χθονὸς ᾤχετο 23.100; κ. γᾶς under ground, Pi. O. 2.59; κατ’ ὕδατος under water, Hdt. 2.149; [ ποταμὸς ] δὺς κ. τῆς γῆς Pl. Phd. 113c, cf. Ti. 25d; κ. γῆς σύμεναι A. Eu. 1007 (anap.); κ. Χθονὸς κρύψαι to bury. S. Ant. 24; ὁ κ. γῆς one dead and buried, X. Cyr. 4.6.5; οἱ κ. Χθονὸς θεοί A. Pers. 689, etc.; θεοὶ[οἱ] κ. γᾶς Id. Ch. 475 (lyr.), etc.; so κ. θαλάσσης ἀφανίζεσθαι, καταδεδυκέναι, Hdt. 7.6, 235; also βᾶτε κατ’ ἀντιθύρων go down by or through.., S. El. 1433.
3. later, towards a point, τοξεύειν κ. σκοποῦ to shoot at, Hdn. 6.7.8; κατ’ ἰχνῶν τινος ὁδεύειν Luc. Rh. [Pro 9:1-18].
4. of vows or oaths, by, καθ’ ἡμῶν ὀμνύναι D. 29.26, cf. 54.38; ἐπιορκήσασα κ. τῶν παίδων Lys. 32.13; esp. of the victims, etc., over which the oath is taken, ὀμνυόντων τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον καθ’ ἱερῶν τελείων Foed. ap. Th. 5.47, cf. Arist. Ath. 29.5, Foed.Delph.Pell. 1 A 9, etc.; κ. τῶν νικητηρίων εὐξάμενοι D. [Eph 1:16]; also κατ’ ἐξωλείας ὀμνύναι to imprecate destruction on oneself, Id. 21.119; κατ’ ἐξ. ἐπιορκεῖν Id. 57.22. to make a vow towards, i.e. make a vow of offering.., κ. Χιλίων εὐχὴν ποιήσασθαι Χιμάρων Ar. Eq. 660.
5. in hostile sense, against, A. Ch. 221, S. Aj. 304, etc.; κ. πάντων φύεσθαι D. 18.19; esp. of judges giving sentence against a person, A. Th. 198, S. Aj. 449, etc.; ψεύδεσθαι κατά τινος Lys. 22.7; λέγειν κατά τινος κακά S. Ph. 65, cf. X. HG 1.5.2, etc.; of speeches, [ λόγος ] κ. Μειδίου, etc. (opp. πρὸς Λεπτίνην, in reply to L.); δῶρα εἰληφέναι κατά τινος Din. 3.6, cf. 18.
6. of Time, for, μισθοῦν κ. εἴκοσι ἐτῶν IG 12.94.37; κ. βίου for life, Tab.Heracl. 1.50; κὰπ παντὸς Χρόνοι IG 9(2).517.20 (Larissa) (but κ. παντὸς τοῦ Χρόνου σκέψασθε D. 22.72 falls under 7); κ. παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος ἀείμνηστον Lycurg. 7.
7. in respect of, concerning, μὴ κατ’ ἀνθρώπων σκόπει μόνον τοῦτο Pl. Phd. 70d; κ. τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν τοιαῦτα εὑρήσομεν Id. Sph. 253b; οἱ κ. Δημοσθένους ἔπαινοι praises bestowed on D., Aeschin. 3.50; ἐρεῖν or λέγειν κατά τινος to say of one, Pl. Ap. 37b, Prt. 323b, etc.; εἰ κ. θηλείας φαίης A.D. Synt. 198.10; εἴπερ ἕν γέ τι ζητεῖς κ. πάντων Pl. Men. 73d, cf. 74b; ὅπερ εἴρηται καθόλου κ. πασῶν τῶν πολιτειῶν Arist. Pol. 1307b2; freq. in the Logic of Arist., κατά τινος λέγεσθαι or κατηγορεῖσθαι to be predicated of.., Int. 16b10, Cat. 1b10, etc.; καταφῆσαί (or ἀποφῆσαί) τι κατά τινος to affirm (or deny) of.., Metaph. 1007b21; so κ. τινὸς ὑπάρχειν Int. 16b13: and in Adv. καθόλου (q.v.).
WITH Acc.,
I
1. of motion downwards, κ. ῥόον down stream, Od. 14.254, Il. 12.33; opp. ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν, Hdt. 2.96; κ. τὸν ποταμόν, κ. τὸ ὑδάτιον, Id. 1.194, Pl. Phdr. 229a; κατ’ οὖρον ἰέναι, ῥεῖν, down (i.e. with) the wind, A. Th. 690, S. Tr. 468; κ. πνεῦμα, κατ’ ἄνεμον ἵστασθαι to leeward, Arist. HA 535a19, 560b13, Dsc. 4.153.
2. with or without signf. of motion, on, over, throughout a space, freq. in Hom., καθ’ Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος Od. 1.344; κατ’ Ἀχαΐδα, κ. Τροίην, Il. 11.770, 9.329; κατ’ ἠερόεντα κέλευθα Od. 20.64; κ. πόντον, κῦμα, ὕλην, Il. 4.276, 6.136, 3.151; κ. πτόλιν Od. 2.383; κ. ἄστυ, οἶκον, Il. 18.286, 6.56; κ. ὅμιλον, στρατόν, 3.36, 1.229; κ. κλισίας τε νέας τε ib. 487; πόλεμον κάτα δακρυόεντα 17.512; κ. ὑσμίνην, μόθον, κλόνον, 5.84, 18.159, 16.331; τὸ ὕδωρ κ. τοὺς ταφροὺς ἐχώρει X. Cyr. 7.5.16, etc. (in later Gr.of motion to a place, κ. τὴν Ἰταλίαν Zos. 3.1); καθ’ Ἑλλάδα A. Ag. 578; κ. πτόλιν Id. Th. 6; αἱ σκηναὶ αἱ κ. τὴν ἀγοράν D. 18.169; τὰ κατ’ ἀγροὺς Διονύσια Aeschin. 1.157, etc.; κ. τὸ προάστιον Hdt. 3.54; τύμβον κατ’ αὐτόν A. Th. 528, cf. Supp. 869 (lyr.): Geom., at a point, Euc. 1.1,al.; τέμνειν [ σφαῖραν ] κ. κύκλον in a circle, Archim. Aren. 1.17; also, in the region of, οἱ κ. τὸν ἥλιον γινόμενοι ἀστέρες Gem. 12.7: freq. in Hom. in describing the place of a wound, βαλεῖν κ. στῆθος, γαστέρα, etc., Il. 11.108, 16.465, al.; νύξε κ. δεξιὸν ὦμον 5.46; οὔτασε κατ’ ἰσχίον 11.339; so βαλεῖν κατ’ ἀσπίδα, κ. ζωστῆρα, 5.537, 615; βέλος κ. καίριον ἦλθεν struck upon a vital part, v.l. in 11.439: metaph., ἄχος κ. φρένα τύψε 19.125: generally, κ. φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν in heart and soul, 4.163, al.
3. opposite, over against, κ. Σινώπην πόλιν Hdt. 1.76, cf. 2.148, Th. 2.30, etc.; ἀνὴρ κατ’ ἄνδρα A. Th. 505; μολὼν.. μοι κ. στόμα Id. Ch. 573; κατ’ ὀφθαλμούς τινος LXX [2Ki 12:11]; οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι κ. Λακεδαιμονίους ἐγένοντο X. HG 4.2.18; κατ’ Ἀχαιοὺς ἀντετάχθησαν ibid.; ἐν συμποσίῳ.., περίμενε, μέχρις ἂν γένηται κατὰ σέ Epict. Ench. 15, cf. D.L. 7.108.
II
1. distributively, of a whole divided into parts, κρῖν’ ἄνδρας κ. φῦλα, κ. φρήτρας by tribes, by clans, Il. 2.362; κ. σφέας μαχέονται by themselves, separately, ib. 366, cf. Th. 4.64; ἐσκήνουν κ. τάξεις X. Cyr. 2.1.25; αὐτὴ καθ’ αὑτήν A. Pr. 1013; κ. κώμας κατοικημένοι in separate villages, Hdt. 1.96; κατ’ ἑωυτοὺς ἕκαστοι ἐτράποντο each to his own home, Id. 5.15; κ. πόλεις ἀποπλεῦσαι, διαλυθῆναι, Th. 1.89, 3.1: στρατιὰ κ. ἕνδεκα μέρη κεκοσμημένη Pl. Phdr. 247a; later οἱ κατ’ ἄνδρα λόγοι PLond. 2.259.72 (i A. D.), cf. D.Chr. 32.6, etc.; ἡ κατ’ οἰκίαν ἀπογραφή PLond. 3.904.20 (ii A.D.), etc.; κατ’ ἔπος word by word, Ar. Ra. 802; κατ’ ὄνομα individually, [3Jn 1:14], etc.; παῖδα κ. κρήνην at each fount a boy, Lyr.Alex.Adesp. 37.13, cf. POxy 2108.9 (iii A.D.).
2. of Time, καθ’ ἡμέραν, κατ’ ἦμαρ, day by day, daily, v. ἡμέρα 111; καθ’ ἑνιαυτόν, κατ’ ἔτος, Test.Epict. 6.24, [Luk 2:41], etc.; κ. μῆνα POxy. 275.18 (i A.D.).
3. of Numbers, by so many at a time, καθ’ ἕνα one at a time, individually, Hdt. 7.104 (later τὸ καθ’ ἕν detailed list, PTeb. 47.34 (ii B.C.), etc.); κ. μίαν τε καὶ δύο by ones and twos, Hdt. 4.113; δύο μνέαι τεταγμέναι κατ’ ἄνδρα αἰχμάλωτον ἕκαστον Id. 6.79; ἐκ τῶν συμμάχων ἐξελέγετο κατ’ ὀλίγους Id. 8.113; κ. τὰς πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μνᾶς πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς εἰσφέρειν to pay 500 drachmae on every 25 minae, D. 27.7; κ. διακοσίας καὶ τριακοσίας ὁμοῦ τι τάλαντον διακεχρημένον in separate sums of 200 and 300 drachmae, Id. 27.11; of ships, κ. μίαν (sc. ναῦν) in column, Th. 2.90; κ. μίαν ναῦν ἐπιτάττειν Plb. 1.26.12, cf. Th. 2.84: Geom., μετρεῖν, μετρεισθαι κατά.., measure, be measured a certain number of times, Euc. 7 Def. 8,9,al.; μετρεῖν κ. τὰς ἐν τῷ Β μονάδας as many times as there are units in B, Id. 7.16.
III
1. of direction towards an object or purpose, πλεῖν κ. πρῆξιν on a business, for or after a matter, Od. 3.72, 9.253; πλάζεσθαι κ. ληΐδα to rove in search of booty, 3.106; κ. ληΐην ἐκπλῶσαι Hdt. 2.152; ἔβη κ. δαῖτα Il. 1.424; ἐπιδημεῖν κατ’ ἐμπορίαν IG 22.141.32, cf. Arist. Ath. 11.1; κ. Χρέος τινὸς ἐλθεῖν come to seek his help, consult him, Od. 11.479, etc.; ἵεται κ. τὴν φωνήν Hdt. 2.70; κ. θέαν ἥκειν to have come for the purpose of seeing, Th. 6.31; κ. πλοῦν ἤδη ὤν Id. 7.31; καθ’ ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι X. An. 3.5.2; κ. τί; for what purpose? why? Ar. Nu. 239.
2. of pursuit, κ. πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν Hdt. 9.89; simply κ. τινά after him, Id. 1.84; ἰέναι κ. τοὺς ἄλλους Id. 9.53; κατ’ ἴχνος on the track, S. Aj. 32, A. Ag. 695 (lyr.); ὥσπερ κατ’ ἴχνη κ. τὰ νῦν εἰρημένα ζῆν Pl. Phd. 115b.
3. Geom., in adverbial phrases, κ. κάθετον in the same vertical line, Archim. Quadr. 6; κατ’ εὐθεῖάν τινι in the same straight line with.., Papp. 58.7. of fitness or conformity, in accordance with, κ. θυμόν Il. 1.136; καθ’ ἡμέτερον νόον after our liking, 9.108; κ. νόον πρήξωμεν Hdt. 4.97; κ. μοῖραν as is meet and right, Il. 1.286; κατ’ αἶσαν, κ. κόσμον, 10.445, 472; κ. νόμον Hes. Th. 417; κὰν νόμον Pi. O. 8.78; κ. τοὺς νόμους IG 22.1227.15; αἰτίαν καθ’ ἥντινα
IV
1. for what cause, A. Pr. 228; κατ’ ἔχθραν, κ. φθόνον, for (i.e. because of) hatred, envy, Id. Supp. 336, Eu. 686; καθ’ ἡδονήν τι δρᾶν, ποιεῖν, do as one pleases, Th. 2.37, 53; κ. τὸ ἔχθος τὸ Θεσσαλῶν Hdt. 8.30, cf. 9.38; κ. φιλίαν, κατ’ ἔχθος, Th. 1.60, 103, etc.; κατ’ ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, ὅτι δέ.. for no other reason but that.., Pl. Phdr. 229d; κ. δύναμιν to the best of one’s power, Hdt. 3.142, etc. (κὰδ δ. Hes. Op. 336); κ. τρόπον διοικεῖν arrange suitably, Isoc. 2.6,al.; κατ’ εὐνοίην with goodwill, Hdt. 6.108; κ. τὰ παρηγγελμένα X. An. 2.2.8, etc.; in quotations, according to, κατ’ Αἰσχύλον Ar. Th. 134; κ. Πίνδαρον Pl. Phdr. 227b, etc.
2. in relation to, concerning, τὰ κατ’ ἀνθρώπους = τὰ ἀνθρώπινα, A. Eu. 930, 310; τὰ κ. τὸν Τέλλον Hdt. 1.31; τὰ κ. τὴν Κύρου τελευτήν ib. 214; τὰ κ. πόλεμον military matters, Aeschin. 1.181; αἱ κ. τὴν πόλιν οἰκονομίαι (opp. αἱ πολεμικαὶ πράξεις) the management of public affairs, Din. 1.97; τὰ κ. τὰς θυσίας SIG 506.7 (Delph., iii B.C.); so τὸ κατ’ ὑμέας as far as concerns you, Hdt. 7.158; τὸ κατ’ ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, D. 18.247; κ. τοῦτο in this respect, Hdt. 5.3, etc.; κ. ταὐτά in the same way, Id. 2.20; καθ’ ὅτι so far as, Th. 1.82, etc.
3. in Comparisons, corresponding with, after the fashion of, κρομύοιο λοπὸν κ. like the coat of an onion, dub. in Od. 19.233; μέλος κ. Φοίνισσαν ἐμπολὰν πέμπεται Pi. P. 2.67; κ. Μιθραδάτην answering to the description of him, Hdt. 1.121; τὴν ἰδέαν κ. πνιγέα like an oven in appearance, Ar. Av. 1001; κηδεῦσαι καθ’ ἑαυτόν to marry in one’s own rank of life, A. Pr. 890; οὐ κατ’ ἄνθρωπον φρονεῖν Id. Th. 425; λέγω κατ’ ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, σέβειν ἐμέ Id. Ag. 925; οὐ κατὰ σέ none of your sort, Chionid. 1 (but ἵνα προσείπω σε κατὰ σέ to address you in your own style, Pl. Grg. 467c); τὸ κατ’ ἐμὲ καὶ οὐ κατ’ ἐμέ Arr. Epict. 1.28.5; οὐ κ. τὰς Μειδίου λῃτουργίας D. 21.169; ἡ βασιλεία κ. τὴν ἀριστοκρατίαν ἐστί Arist. Pol. 1310b3: freq. after a Comp., μέζων ἢ κατ’ ἀνθρώπων φύσιν Hdt. 8.38, cf. Pl. [Rev 20:1-15] e, etc.; μείζω ἢ κ. δάκρυα too great for tears, Th. 7.75; ἤθεα βαθύτερα ἢ κ. Θρήϊκας morerefined than was common among the Thracians, Hdt. 4.95. by the favour of a god, etc., κ. δαίμονα Pi. O. 9.28, cf. P. 8.68; κ. θεῖον Ar. Eq. 147 codd. (κ. θεὸν Cobet); κ. τύχην τινά D. 48.24. of round numbers (v. infr. v11.2), nearly, about, κ. Χίλια ἑξακόσια ἔτεα 1600 years more or less, Hdt. 2.145, cf. 6.44, al.; κατ’ οὐδέν next to nothing, Pl. Plt. 302b.
κατά, = κατὰ τά, IG 22.334.15; cf. κά. κᾆτα, Att. crasis for καὶ εἶτα, v. εἶτα sub fin. κατάβα, for κατάβηθι, aor. 2 imper. of καταβαίνω.
κατά kata 473x
down from, [Mat 8:32]; down upon, upon, [Mar 14:3]; [Act 27:14]; down into; κατὰ βάθους, profound, deepest, [2Co 8:2]; down over, throughout a space, [Luk 4:14]; [Luk 23:5]; concerning, in cases of pointed allegation, [1Co 15:15]; against, [Mat 12:30]; by, in oaths, [Mat 26:63]; with an acc. of place, in the quarter of, about, near, at, Lk. 10;32; [Act 2:10]; throughout, [Luk 8:39]; in, [Rom 16:5]; among, [Act 21:21]; in the presence of, [Luk 2:31]; in the direction of, towards, [Act 8:26]; [Php 3:14]; of time, within the range of; during, in the course of, at, about, [Act 12:1]; [Act 27:27]; distributively, κατ’ οἶκον, by houses, from house to house, [Act 2:46]; kata; duvo, two and two, [1Co 14:27]; καθ’ ἡμέραν, daily, [Mat 26:55]; trop., according to, conformable to, in proportion to, [Mat 9:29]; [Mat 25:15]; after the fashion or likeness of. [Heb 5:6]; in virtue of, [Mat 19:3]; as respects, [Rom 11:3]; Acts 25; Acts 14; [Heb 9:9]
G2596 — κατά
(on its neglect of elision before a vowel see Tdf, Proleg., p. 95; cf. Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 a.; a. 10; WH's Appendix, p. 146a), a preposition denoting motion or diffusion or direction from the higher to the lower; as in classical Greek, joined with the genitive and the accusative.
I. With the genitive (Winer's Grammar, § 47, k., p. 381 (357); (B, § 147, 20));
1. properly,
a. down from, down: κατά τοῦ κρημνοῦ, [Mat 8:32]; [Mar 5:13]; [Luk 8:33]; κατεχην κατά τῆς κεφαλῆς (so that it flowed down from his head (cf. Winer's Grammar, 381 (357) note); but it is more correct here to omit κατά with L T Tr WH; see καταχέω), [Mar 14:3]; hence κατά κεφαλῆς (a veil hanging down from his entry) ἔχων, [1Co 11:4] ((A. V. having his head covered) cf. καταπέτασμα (or rather κάλυμμα (which see), but see ἔχω, I. 1 b.)).
b. down upon (down into) anything: [Act 27:14] (Winers Grammar, 381 (357) note{1}; cf. B. D. American edition, under the word ); tropically, ἡ κατά βάθους πτωχεία reaching down into the depth, i. e. deep or extreme poverty, [2Co 8:2] (cf. Strabo 9, 5, p. 419 ἐστι τό μαντεῖον ἄντρον κοῖλον κατά βάθους).
c. used of motion or extension through a space from top to bottom; hence through, throughout: in the N. T. (and in Luke's writings; Buttmann, § 147, 20) everywhere with the adjective ὅλος, as καθ' ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου τῆς Ἰουδαίας, τῆς Ἰόππης, [Luk 4:14]; [Luk 23:5]; [Act 9:31]; [Act 10:37] (διεσπάρησαν κατά τῆς νήσου, Polybius 3, 19, 7; ἐσκεδάσμενοι κατά τῆς χώρας, 1, 17, 10; 3, 76, 10; μή παραβαίνειν τάς ἁμαροτροχιας, ἀλλά κατ' αὐτῶν ἰέναι, Aelian v. h. 2, 27).
2. metaphorically,
a. after verbs of swearing, adjuring (the hand being, as it were, placed down upon the thing sworn by (cf. Bernhardy (1829), p. 238; Kühner, § 433 at the end)), by: [Mat 26:63]; [Heb 6:13], [Heb 6:16] ([Isa 45:23]; [2Ch 36:13]; Judith 1:12; Demosthenes 553, 17; 554, 23).
b. against (properly, down upon (Winer's Grammar, 382 (358)); Hebrew עַל): opposed to ὑπέρ, [Mar 9:40]; [2Co 13:8]; [Rom 8:31]; opposed to μετά, [Mat 12:30]; [Luk 11:23]; after ἐπιθυμεῖν, [Gal 5:17]; εἰπεῖν πονηρόν (ῤῆμα), [Mat 5:11]; λαλεῖν, [Act 6:13]; Jude 1:15; μαρτυρία, [Mar 14:55]; [Mat 26:59]; μαρτυρεῖν, [1Co 15:15] (here many take κατά equivalent to with regard to, of; cf. DeWette at the passage; Lob. ad Phryn., p. 272); ψευδομαρτύρειν, [Mar 14:56]f; γογγύζειν, [Mat 20:11] ([Exo 15:24] Alex.); διδάσκειν, [Act 21:28]; ψεύδεσθαι, [Jam 3:14] (Xenophon, Apology 13); συμβούλιον λαβεῖν or ποιεῖν, [Mat 27:1]; [Mar 3:6]; αἰτεῖσθαι τί, [Act 25:3], [Act 25:15]; after verbs of accusing, etc.: ἔχειν τί, [Mat 5:23]; [Mar 11:25]; [Rev 2:4], [Rev 2:14], [Rev 2:20]; κατηγορεῖν, [Luk 23:14]; κατηγορία, [Joh 18:29] (Tdf. omits κατά); ἐγκάλειν, [Rom 8:33]; ἐντυγχάνειν τίνι, [Rom 11:2]; add, [Act 24:1]; [Act 25:2]; [Jam 5:9]; τό χειρόγραφον, [Col 2:14]; κρίσιν ποιεῖν, Jude 1:15; after verbs of rebelling, fighting, prevailing: [Mat 10:35]; [Mat 12:25]; [Act 14:2]; [1Co 4:6]; [2Co 10:5]; [1Pe 2:11]; ([Rev 12:7] Rec.); ἰσχύειν, [Act 19:16]; ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν, [Joh 19:11].
II. With the accusative; cf. Winers Grammar, § 49 d.; Bernhardy (1829), p. 239ff
1. of place;
a. of the place through which anything is done or is extended (properly, down through; opposed to ἀνά, up through): καθ' ὅλην τήν πόλιν κηρύσσειν, [Luk 8:39]; ἐκφέρειν κατά τάς πλατείας, [Act 5:15] (R G); add, [Luk 9:6]; [Luk 13:22]; [Luk 15:14]; [Act 8:1]; [Act 11:1]; [Act 15:23]; [Act 21:21]; [Act 24:5], [Act 24:12]; [Act 27:2]; τούς κατά τά ἔθνη (throughout Gentile lands) πάντας Ἰουδαίους, [Act 21:21], cf. Grimm on 2 Macc. 1:1; κατά τήν ὁδόν, along the way i. e. on the journey (Winer's Grammar, 400 (374) note{1}), [Luk 10:4]; [Act 8:36]; [Act 25:3]; [Act 26:13]; along (Latinsecundum orpraeter (R. V. off)), πέλαγος τό κατά τήν Κιλικίαν, [Act 27:5].
b. of the place to which one is brought (down): γενόμενος (Tr WH omit γ.) κατά τόν τόπον (ἐλθών etc.), [Luk 10:32] (cf. Field, Otium Norv. Pars iii at the passage); ἐλθόντες κατά τήν Μυσίαν, [Act 16:7]; κατά τήν Κνίδον, [Act 27:7]; κατ' αὐτόν (came) to him, i. e. to the place where he was lying, [Luk 10:33].
c. of direction; toward: Λιβύη ἡ κατά Κυρήνην, that Libya which lay toward Cyrene, i. e. Libya of Cyrene (i. e. the chief city of which was Cyrene), [Act 2:10]; βλέπειν, to look, lie toward (see βλέπω, 3), [Act 27:12]; πορεύεσθαι κατά μεσημβρίαν, [Act 8:26]; κατά σκοπόν, toward the goal, my eye on the goal, [Phi 3:14]. against (Latinadversus with the accusative); over against, opposite: κατά πρόσωπον, to the face, [Gal 2:11] (see πρόσωπον, 1 a.); equivalent to present, [Act 25:16] (A. V. face to face); [2Co 10:1]; with the genitive of person added, before the face of, in the presence of, one: [Luk 2:31]; [Act 3:13]; τά κατά πρόσωπον, the things that are open to view, known to all, [2Co 10:7]; κατ' ὀφθαλμούς, before the eyes, [Gal 3:1]; here, too, according to some (cf. Winer's Grammar, 400 (374) note{3}) belongs κατά Θεόν, [Rom 8:27], but it is more correctly referred to 3 c. α. below.
d. of the place where: κατ' οἶκον (opposed to ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ), at home, privately (Winer's Grammar, 400 (374) note{1}), [Act 2:46]; [Act 5:42].
e. of that which so joins itself to one thing as to separate itself from another; our for, by: κατ' ἰδίαν, apart, see ἴδιος, 2; καθ' ἑαυτόν, alone (by himself), [Act 28:16]; [Jam 2:17] (R. V. in itself) (2 Macc. 13:13; οἱ καθ' αὑτούς Ἕλληνες, Thucydides 1, 138; οἱ Βοιωτοι καθ' αὑτούς, Diodorus 13, 72; other examples are given by Alberti, Observations, etc., p. 293; Loesner, Observations, e Philone, p. 460f); ἔχειν τί καθ' ἑαυτόν, to have a thing by and to oneself, i. e. to keep it hidden in one's mind, [Rom 14:22] (Josephus, Antiquities 2, 11, 1; Heliodorus 7, 16; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 401 (375) note{1})); hence, of that which belongs to some person or thing: κατά τήν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν, belonging to (A. V. in) the church that was there, [Act 13:1]; ἡ ἐκκλησία κατ' οἶκον τίνος, belonging to one's household (see ἐκκλησία, 4 b. aa.); hence it forms a periphrasis — now for the genitive, as τά κατά Ἰουδαίους ἔθη (equivalent to τῶν Ἰουδαίων), [Act 26:3]; now for the possessive pronoun, οἱ καθ' ὑμᾶς ποιηταί, your own poets, [Act 17:28] (here WH marginal reading καθ' ἡμᾶς, see their Introductory § 404); νόμου τοῦ καθ' ὑμᾶς (a law of your own), [Act 18:15]; τό κατ' ἐμέ πρόθυμον, my inclination, [Rom 1:15] (see πρόθυμος); ἡ καθ' ὑμᾶς πίστις, [Eph 1:15] (ἡ κατά τόν τύραννον ὠματης τέ καί δύναμις, Diodorus 14, 12; μέχρι τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς χρόνων, Dionysius Halicarnassus, Antiquities 2, 1; cf. Grimm on 2 Macc. 4:21, p. 88; a throng of examples from Polybius may be seen in Schweighaeuser, Lex. Polybius, p. 323f; (cf. Winers Grammar, 154 (146); 400 (374) note{2}; especially Buttmann, § 132, 2)).
2. of Time (cf. Winers Grammar, 401 (374)); during, about; Latintempore: κατ' ἐκεῖνον, or τοῦτον τόν καιρόν, [Act 12:1]; [Act 19:23]; [Rom 9:9]; [Heb 9:9] (R G); κατά τό αὐτό, at the same time, together, [Act 14:1] (see αὐτός, III. 1); κατά τό μεσονύκτιον, [Act 16:25]; κατά μέσον τῆς νυκτός, [Act 27:27]; (possibly also κατά μεσημβρίαν, at noon, [Act 8:26] (see μεσημβρία, b.)); κατά καιρόν, see καιρός, 2 a.; κατ' ἀρχάς (Herodotus 3, 153), in the beginning (of things), [Heb 1:10]; κατά τήν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ, [Heb 3:8] (as the Sept. in this passage have rendered the preposition כְּ in the context by ὡς (ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ, [Psa 94:8]), some would take it and κατά here equivalent to like as in the day etc.; Vulg.secundum); κατά πᾶν σάββατον, [Act 13:27]; [Act 15:21]; [Act 18:4]; καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν, [Heb 3:13]; κατά μῆνα (ἕνα) ἕκαστον, [Rev 22:2]; κατ' ὄναρ, during a dream, see ὄναρ.
3. it denotes reference, relation, proportion, of various sorts;
a. distributively, indicating a succession of things following one another (Winers Grammar, 401 (374); Buttmann, § 147, 20); α, in reference to place: κατά πόλιν, in every city (city by city, from city to city), [Luk 8:1], [Luk 8:4]; [Act 15:21]; [Act 20:23]; [Tit 1:5] (Thucydides 1, 122); κατ' ἐκκλησίαν, in every church, [Act 14:23]; with the plural, κατά πόλεις, [Luk 13:22]; κατά τάς κώμας, [Luk 9:6] (Herodotus 1, 96); κατά τόπους, [Mat 24:7]; [Mar 13:8]; [Luk 21:11]; κατά τάς συναγωγάς, in every synagogue, [Act 22:19]; (cf. κατά τούς οἴκους εἰσπορευόμενος, [Act 8:3]). β. in reference to time: κατ' ἔτος, yearly, year by year, [Luk 2:41]; also κατ' ἐνιαυτόν (see ἐνιαυτός); καθ' ἡμέραν etc., see ἡμέρα, 2, p. 278{a}; κατά μίαν σαββάτου (R G σαββάτων), on the first day of every week, [1Co 16:2]; κατά ἑορτήν, at any and every feast, [Mat 27:15]; [Mar 15:6]; [Luk 23:17] (Rec.; cf. Buttmann, § 133, 26. Others understand the phrase in these passages (contextually) "at or during (see 2 above) the feast," viz. the Passover; cf. Winer's Grammar, 401 (374)). γ. universally: καθ' ἕνα πάντες, all one by one, successively, [1Co 14:31], see more fully in εἷς, 4 c.; κατά δύο, by two, [1Co 14:27]; κατά ἑκατόν καί κατά πεντήκοντα, by hundreds and by fifties, [Mar 6:40] L T Tr WH; κατά μέρος, severally, singly, part by part, [Heb 9:5] (Herodotus 9, 25; Xenophon, anab. 3, 4, 22); κατ' ὄνομα, by name, i. e. each by its own name (Vulg.nominatim (orper nomen)): [Joh 10:3]; 3 John 1:15 (14); cf. Herm. ad Vig., p. 858f.
b. equivalent to the Latinratione habita alicuius rei vel personae; as respects; with regard to; in reference to; so far as relates to; as concerning; (Winer's Grammar, 401 (375)): κατά σάρκα or κατά τήν σάρκα, as to the flesh (see σάρξ (especially 2b.)), [Rom 1:3]; [Rom 9:3], [Rom 9:5]; [1Co 1:26]; [1Co 10:18]; [2Co 11:18]; οἱ κύριοι κατά σάρκα (Luther well,die leiblichen Herren), in earthly relations, according to the arrangements of society, [Eph 6:5]; κατά τό εὐαγγέλιον, κατά τήν ἐκλογήν, [Rom 11:28]; add, [Rom 1:4]; [Rom 7:22]; [Phi 3:5]; [Heb 9:9]; τά κατά τινα, one's affairs, one's case, [Act 24:22]; [Act 25:14]; [Eph 6:21]; [Phi 1:12]; [Col 4:7] (and very often in classical Greek); κατά πάντα τρόπον, in every way, in every respect, [Rom 3:2]; the opposite κατά μηδένα τρόπον, in no wise, [2Th 2:3]; κατά πάντα, in all respects, in all things, [Act 17:22]; [Col 3:20], [Col 3:22]; [Heb 2:17]; [Heb 4:15] (Thucydides 4, 81).
c. according to, agreeably to; in reference to agreement or conformity to a standard, in various ways (Winer's Grammar, 401 (375)); α. according to anything as a standard, agreeably to: περιπατεῖν κατά τί, [Mar 7:5]; [Rom 8:1] (Rec.), ; ; [2Th 3:6]; [Eph 2:2]; ζῆν κατά, [Act 26:5]; [Rom 8:12]f; πορεύεσθαι, [2Pe 3:3]; ἀποδιδόναι τίνι, [Mat 16:27], etc. (see ἀποδίδωμι, (especially 4)); λαμβάνειν, [1Co 3:8]; so with many other verbs a thing is said to be done or to occur κατά, as in [Luk 2:27], [Luk 2:29]; [Joh 7:24]; [Col 2:8]; [Col 3:10]; [1Ti 1:18]; [Heb 7:15]; [Heb 8:5], [Heb 8:9]; [1Jo 5:14], etc.; (on the phrase κατ' ἄνθρωπον, see ἄνθρωπος, especially 1 c.; (cf. ἐ. below; Winer's Grammar, 402 (376))); κατά τήν γραφήν, τάς γραφάς, [Jam 2:8]; [1Co 15:3]f.; κατά τό γεγραμμένον, [2Co 4:13]; κατά τό εἰρημένον, [Rom 4:18]; κατά τόν νόμον, [Luk 2:39]; [Joh 18:31]; [Joh 19:7]; [Heb 9:22]; κατά τό εὐαγγέλιον μου, [Rom 2:16]; [Rom 16:25]; [2Ti 2:8], cf. [1Ti 1:11]; κατά τό ὡρισμένον, [Luk 22:22]; καθ' ὁμοίωσιν Θεοῦ, [Jam 3:9]; κατά λόγον rightly, justly (A. V. reason would etc.), [Act 18:14]; κατά τινα, agreeably to the will of anyone, as pleases him (Winer's Grammar, 401f (375)): so κατά Θεόν, [Rom 8:27] (cf. 1 c. above); [2Co 7:9], [2Co 7:11]; κατά Χρσιτον Ἰησοῦν, [Rom 15:5]; κατά κύριον, [2Co 11:17]; κατά τόν καθαρισμόν, after the manner of purifying, as the rite of purification prescribed, [Joh 2:6]; οἱ κατά σάρκα ὄντες, who bear, reflect, the nature of the flesh, equivalent to οἱ σαρκικοί, and οἱ κατά πνεῦμα ὄντες equivalent to οἱ πνευματικοί, [Rom 8:5]; κατά τί γνώσομαι; in accordance with what criterion i. e. by what sign shall I know? [Luk 1:18]. Here belongs the use of the preposition in the titles of the records of the life of Christ: εὐαγγέλιον (which word the Sinaiticus and Vaticanus manuscripts omit) κατά Ματθαῖον, Μᾶρκον, etc., as Matthew etc. composed or wrote (it). This use of the preposition was not primarily a mere periphrasis for the genitive (Ματθαιου, etc., see II. 1 e. above), but indicated that the same subject had been otherwise handled by others, cf. ἡ παλαιά διαθήκη κατά τούς ἑβδομήκοντα (in tacit contrast not only to the Hebrew text, but also to the Greek translations made by others); οἱ ὑπομνηματισμοι οἱ κατά Νημιαν, 2 Macc. 2:13 (see Grimm at the passage). Subsequently κατά with an accusative of the writer came to take the place of the genitive, as ἡ κατά Μωϋσέα πεντάτευχος in Epiphanius (haer. 8, 4. Cf. Winers Grammar, 402 (375); Buttmann, 3; 157 (137); and see, further, Sophocles' Lexicon, under the word εὐαγγέλιον, James Morison, Commentary on Matthew, Introductory § 4). β. in proportion to, according to the measure of: χαρίσματα κατά τήν χάριν τήν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν διάφορα, [Rom 12:6]; κατά τό μέτρον, [2Co 10:13]; [Eph 4:7]; κατά τήν σκληρότητά σου, [Rom 2:5]; κατά τόν χρόνον, [Mat 2:16]; ἑκάστῳ κατά τήν ἰδίαν δύναμιν, [Mat 25:15]; without the article κατά δύναμιν, [2Co 8:3] (opposed to ὑπέρ δύναμιν, as Homer, Iliad 3, 59 κατ' Αισαν, ὀυδ' ὑπέρ Αισαν); καθ' ὅσον, by so much as, inasmuch as, [Heb 3:3]; [Heb 7:20]; [Heb 9:27]; κατά τοσοῦτο, by so much, [Heb 7:22]. γ. used of the cause; through, on account of, from, owing to (in accordance with i. e. in consequence of, by virtue of) (Winer's Grammar, 402 (376)): κατά πᾶσαν αἰτίαν, (for every cause), [Mat 19:3]; κατά τήν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ, [1Co 3:10]; [2Th 1:12]; [2Ti 1:9] (κατά τήν τοῦ Θεοῦ πρόνοιαν, Josephus, Antiquities 20, 8, 6); κατά χάριν, [Rom 4:16]; also opposed to κατά ὀφείλημα (R. V. as of... as of), [Rom 4:4]; οἱ κατά φύσιν κλάδοι, the natural branches, [Rom 11:21] (cf. Buttmann, 162 (141)); ἡ κατά φύσιν ἀγριλαιος, the natural wild olive tree, [Rom 11:24]; ἡ κατά πίστιν δικαιοσύνη, righteousness proceeding from faith, [Heb 11:7]; add, [Rom 8:28]; [Rom 9:11]; [Rom 11:5]; [Rom 16:25]; [1Co 12:8]; [2Co 13:10]; [Gal 2:2]; [Gal 3:29]; [Eph 1:5], [Eph 1:7], [Eph 1:9], [Eph 1:11], [Eph 1:19]; [Eph 3:7], [Eph 3:11], [Eph 3:16], [Eph 3:20]; [Col 1:11], [Col 1:29]; [Phi 1:20]; [Phi 3:21]; [Phi 4:11], [Phi 4:19]; [2Th 1:12]; [2Th 2:9]; [2Ti 1:8]; [Heb 2:4]; [Heb 7:16]; [Tit 1:3]; [1Pe 1:3]; [2Pe 3:15]. adverbial phrases (Winer's Grammar, § 51, 2 g.): κατ' ἐξουσίαν (with authority), [Mar 1:27]; κατ' ἀνάγκην, κατά ἑκούσιον (q. v) (of necessity, of free will), [Phi 1:14]; κατά γνῶσιν, [1Pe 3:7]; κατ' ἐπίγνωσιν, [Rom 10:2] (cf. Winer's Grammar, 403 (376)); κατά ἄγνοιαν (in ignorance), [Act 3:17]. δ. of likeness; as, like as: συντελέσω... διαθήκην καινήν, οὐ κατά τήν διαθήκην κτλ., [Heb 8:8]f ([1Ki 11:10]); so with the accusative of a person (cf. under α. above), [Gal 4:28]; [1Pe 1:15]; κατά Θεόν, after the image of God, [Eph 4:24]; κρίνεσθαι κατά ἀνθρώπους, ζῆν κατά Θεόν, to be judged as it is fit men should be judged, to live as God lives, [1Pe 4:6]. Hence, it is used ε. of the mode in which a thing is done; of the quality: ἄνδρες οἱ κατ' ἐξοχήν τῆς πόλεως, the principal men of the city, [Act 25:23]; καθ' ὑπομένην ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ, equivalent to ὑπομένοντες ἐν ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ (by constancy in well-doing), [Rom 2:7]; especially in adverbial phrases: κατά ταῦτα in (or after) the same (or this) manner, [Luk 6:23] (L text T Tr WH κατά τά αὐτά, L marginal reading κατά ταῦτα) (26 (editions as before)); [Luk 17:30] (T Tr WH κατά τά αὐτά, G L κατά ταῦτα); καθ' ὑπερβολήν, [Rom 7:13]; [1Co 12:31], etc. (cf. Winers Grammar, 466 (434); Buttmann, 96 (84)); κατά πίστιν equivalent to πιστεύοντες (A. V. in faith; cf. Winer's Grammar, 403 (376)), [Heb 11:13]; κατά συγγνώμην, οὐ κτἀ ἐπιταγήν, by way of concession, not by way of commandment, [1Co 7:6], cf. [2Co 8:8]; κατά κράτος, [Act 19:20]; καθ' ὁμοιότητα, [Heb 4:15]; on the phrase κατά ἄνθρωπον see ἄνθρωπος, 1 c. (cf. α. above).
d. of the end aimed at; the goal to which anything tends; (Latinad (Winer's Grammar, 402f (376))): κατ' ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς, to proclaim life, [2Ti 1:1] (but see ἐπαγγελία, 1); κατ' εὐσέβειαν, tending to godliness ([1Ti 6:3]; [Tit 1:1]) (see εὐσέβεια; (yet others refer these examples and that which follows, to the use set forth above, in c.)); κατά πίστιν, to awaken, produce faith, [Tit 1:1] (examples of this use of κατά from Homer, Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, may be seen in Passow, under the word II. 3, p. 1598{b}; (Liddell and Scott, under the word B. III. 1); cf. Herm. ad Vig., p. 632; Kühner, ii., p. 412); many refer to this head also κατ' ἀτιμίαν (to my dishonor (Winer's Grammar, 402f (376))) λέγω, [2Co 11:21] (κατ' τήν τιμήν τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦτο ποιῶν, to the honor of God, Josephus, Antiquities 3, 11, 4); but see ἀτιμία.
III. In Composition κατά denotes,
1. from, down from, from a higher to a lower place: with special reference to the terminus from which, as καταβαίνω, καταβιβάζω, etc. (cf. Winer's Grammar, 431 (401f)); with more prominent reference to the lower terminus (down), as καταβάλλω, καταπατέω, etc. (cf. Winer's Grammar, as above); also of the situation or local position, as κατάκειμαι, καθεύδω, κατατίθημι, καθίζω, etc. from top to bottom, metaphorically, of things done with care, thoroughly, as καταμανθάνω, καθοράω, etc.
2. in succession, in course: καθξης; one part after another, καταρτίζω, κατευθύνω, etc.
3. under, underneath: καταχθόνιος; the idea of putting under resides in verbs denoting victory, rule, etc., over others, as katadunasteuoo], κατακυριεύω, κατεξουσιάζω, καταδουλόω; likewise in verbs naming that with which anything is covered, concealed, overwhelmed etc., as κατακαλύπτω, καταλιθάζω, κατασφραγίζω, κατασκιάζω, καταισχύνω (where the German uses the prefixüber (English over), asüberschatten, überdecken, or the syllablebe, asbeschatten, besiegeln); also in adjj. denoting an abundance of that with which a thing is filled up or as it were covered up; see below in κατείδωλος.
4. like the German ver-,zer-, it denotes separation, dissolution, in verbs of wasting, dissolving, etc., as κατακόπτω, κατάγνυμι, κατακαίω, κατακλάω, καταλύω, κατακλύζω, καταναλίσκω, καταφθείρω, etc.
5. equivalent to after, behind: καταδιώκω, καταλείπω, κατακολουθέω, etc.
6. used of proportion and distribution, as κατακληροδοτέω, κατακληρονομέω, etc.
7. of hostility, against etc.: καταδικάζω, κατακρίνω, καταλαλέω, καταγινώσκω, etc. Cf. Herm. ad Vig., p. 637ff (On the construction of verbs compounded with κατά, see Winers Grammar, as above; cf. Buttmann, 165 (143f).)
καπά
(bef. a vowel κατ᾿ , καθ᾿ ; on the freq . neglect of elision, v. Tdf., Pr. , 95; WH , App ., 146a), prep . c . gen ., acc ,
down, downwards.
I. C. gen . ( WM , § 47, k; B1., § 42, 2).
1. C. gen . rei , in local sense;
(a) down, down from: [Mat 8:32], [Mar 5:13], Luk 8:33 , [1Co 11:4];
(b) through-out (late usage; B1., l.c .): κ . ὅλης κ . τ . λ ., [Luk 4:14]; [Luk 23:5], [Act 9:31]; [Act 10:37];
( c ) in a peculiar adjectival phrase: ἡ κ . βάθους πτωχεία , deep or extreme poverty, [2Co 8:2].
2. C. gen . pers ., usually in hostile sense;
(a) against (in cl . only after verbs of speaking, witnessing, etc.): opp . to ὑπέρ , [Mar 9:40]; μετά , [Mat 12:30]; after ἐπιθυμεῖν , [Gal 5:17]; λαλεῖν , [Act 6:13]; διδάσκειν , [Act 21:28]; ψεύδεσθαι , [Jas 3:14]; after verbs of accusing, etc., [Mat 5:23], [Luk 23:14], [Rom 8:33], al. ; verbs of fighting, prevailing, etc., [Mat 10:35], Act 14:2 , [1Co 4:6], al. ;
(b) of swearing, by: ὄμνυμι κ . Bl., § 34, 1), [Heb 6:13]; [Heb 6:16], cf. [Mat 26:63].
II. C . acc ( WM , § 49 d; B1., § 42, 2).
1. Of motion or direction;
(a) through, throughout: [Luk 8:39]; [Luk 9:6]; [Luk 10:4], [Act 8:1]; [Act 8:36] al. ;
(b) to, towards, over against: [Luk 10:32] ( Field, Notes , 62), [Act 2:10]; [Act 16:7], [Gal 2:11], [Php 3:14], al. ;
( c ) in adverbial phrases, at, in, by, of: κατ᾿ οἶκον , at home, [Act 2:46]; κατ᾿ ἰδίαν ( see ἴδιος ); καθ᾿ ἑαντόν , [Act 28:16], [Rom 14:22], [Jas 2:17]; c . prop . pers ., [Act 17:28]; [Act 18:15], [Rom 1:15], [Eph 1:15], al.
2. Of time, at, during, about: [Act 8:26]; [Act 12:1]; [Act 19:23], [Rom 9:9], [Heb 1:10], al.
3. Dis-tributive;
(a) of place: κ . τόπους , [Mat 24:7], al. ; κ . πόλιν , [Luk 8:1]; [Luk 8:4] al. ; κ . ἐκκλησίαν , [Act 14:23];
(b) of time: κ . ἔτος , [Luk 2:41]; ἑορτήν , [Mat 27:15], al. ;
( c ) of numbers, etc.: καθ᾿ ἕνα πάντες , [1Co 14:31] (on καθ᾿ εἷς , see εἷς ); κ . ἑκατόν , [Mar 6:40]; κ . μέρος , [Heb 9:5]; κ . ὄνομα , [Joh 10:3].
4. Of fitness, reference, conformity, etc.;
(a) in relation to, concerning: [Rom 1:3-4]; [Rom 7:22]; [Rom 9:3-5], 1Co 1:26 ; [1Co 10:18], [Php 1:12]; κ . πάντα , [Act 17:22], [Col 3:20]; [Col 3:22] [Heb 2:17]; [Heb 4:15];
(b) according to, after, like: [Mar 7:5], [Luk 2:27]; [Luk 2:29], [Joh 7:24], [Rom 8:4]; [Rom 14:15], [Eph 2:2], [Col 2:8], [Jas 2:8], al.
III. In composition, κ . denotes,
1. down, down from ( καταβαίνω , etc.), hence, metaph .;
(a) victory or rule over ( καταδουλόω , - κυριεύω , etc.);
(b) "perfective" action ( M , Pr., 111 ff .).
2. under ( κατακαλύπτω , etc.).
3. in succession ( καθεξῆς ).
4. after, behind ( καταλείπω ).
5. Hostility, against ( καταλαλέω ).
κατά / καθεῖς / καθημέραν / κατακύπτω原文音譯:kat£ 卡他
詞類次數:介詞(482)
原文字根:向下
字義溯源:(所有格:)下,下到,抵擋,指著,遍及,(直接受格:)照,根據,按著,按時,按照,依次,(此外也常用作:)每,在,憑,從,要,對,有,用,過,合乎,指著,出於,沿著,干犯,反對,關於,為著,各,向,當,相,到,告。這介詞本意是:下,下到;但應用極廣,在四百餘次使用中,和合本就有125種不同的譯字,另有三十餘次未譯出
出現次數:總共(477);太(38);可(22);路(44);約(10);徒(90);羅(50);林前(24);林後(27);加(17);弗(24);腓(11);西(14);帖後(4);提前(6);提後(8);多(8);門(3);來(42);雅(5);彼前(10);彼後(4);約壹(1);約貳(1);約叄(1);猶(4);啓(9)
譯字彙編:
1)照(65)[太16:27];[可7:5];[路1:9];[路1:38];[路2:29];[路2:39];[路4:16];[路6:23];[路6:26];[路22:39];[徒7:44];[徒14:1];[徒17:2];[徒23:31];[徒24:6];[羅2:2];[羅2:5];[羅2:16];[羅16:25];[羅16:26];[林前3:3];[林前3:10];[林前9:8];[林前15:3];[林前15:4];[林前15:32];[林後10:13];[林後10:15];[弗1:7];[弗1:9];[弗3:7];[弗3:7];[腓1:20];[西1:11];[帖後1:12];[帖後2:9];[提前1:18];[提後1:1];[提後4:14];[多1:4];[多3:5];[來4:15];[來5:6];[來5:10];[來6:20];[來7:5];[來7:11];[來7:11];[來7:15];[來7:16];[來7:16];[來7:17];[來7:21];[來7:22];[來8:4];[來10:8];[來12:10];[雅2:8];[彼前1:2];[彼前1:3];[彼後3:13];[彼後3:15];[約壹5:14];[啓2:23];[啓20:13];
2)照著(34)[太2:16];[太9:29];[路2:22];[徒3:22];[徒13:23];[羅3:5];[羅11:5];[羅16:25];[林後11:15];[林後13:10];[加1:4];[加3:15];[弗1:11];[弗1:11];[弗1:19];[弗3:11];[弗3:20];[弗4:16];[弗4:22];[西1:25];[西1:29];[西2:8];[西2:8];[西2:8];[西2:22];[西3:10];[提前1:11];[多1:9];[來9:19];[來9:22];[雅3:9];[彼前4:19];[約貳1:6];[啓20:12];
3)每(26)[可14:49];[可15:6];[路2:41];[路9:23];[路11:3];[路16:19];[路19:47];[路22:53];[徒2:46];[徒2:47];[徒3:2];[徒16:5];[徒17:11];[徒18:4];[徒19:9];[羅12:5];[林前15:31];[林前16:2];[林後11:28];[來7:27];[來9:25];[來10:1];[來10:3];[來10:11];[啓4:8];[啓22:2];
4)按(23)[太25:15];[約5:4];[約7:24];[約10:3];[約19:7];[徒18:14];[徒22:12];[羅1:3];[羅1:4];[羅1:15];[羅8:28];[羅12:6];[林前7:40];[林前10:18];[林前12:8];[弗1:5];[提後1:8];[提後1:9];[提後1:9];[來2:4];[彼前3:7];[彼前4:6];[啓18:6];
5)在(22)[太2:12];[太24:7];[路9:10];[路10:23];[路23:5];[徒3:13];[徒15:23];[徒19:23];[徒21:21];[徒22:19];[徒26:11];[羅9:9];[羅16:5];[林前16:19];[加2:2];[西4:15];[門1:2];[來1:10];[來3:8];[來4:15];[來9:9];[來9:9];
6)按著(17)[路2:42];[約18:31];[徒22:3];[徒24:14];[羅7:22];[羅10:2];[羅14:15];[林前1:26];[林前14:40];[林後8:3];[加4:23];[加4:29];[加4:29];[弗3:16];[來9:27];[彼前1:17];[約叄1:15];
7)地(8)[太17:1];[太17:19];[太24:3];[可6:31];[可6:32];[可7:33];[可9:28];[可13:3];
8)從(8)[徒27:14];[羅3:2];[羅8:12];[羅8:13];[羅11:21];[羅11:24];[林後1:17];[弗6:5];
9)按照(8)[羅4:4];[羅4:4];[羅9:11];[林後4:13];[林後11:17];[提前1:1];[彼前1:15];[彼前5:2];
10)隨從(8)[羅8:4];[羅8:4];[羅8:5];[羅8:5];[弗2:2];[彼後3:3];[猶1:16];[猶1:18];
11)憑(8)[路1:18];[約8:15];[林後5:16];[林後5:16];[林後10:2];[林後10:3];[多3:7];[彼前4:6];
12)在⋯中(7)[太1:20];[太2:13];[太2:19];[太2:22];[太27:19];[徒2:46];[徒24:12];
13)敵擋(6)[可9:40];[路9:50];[徒4:26];[徒4:26];[羅8:31];[林後13:8];
14)要(6)[林後4:17];[弗5:33];[腓2:3];[西3:20];[西3:22];[來3:13];
15)抵擋(5)[可11:25];[羅8:33];[加5:17];[加5:17];[雅3:14];
16)有(5)[可6:40];[可6:40];[徒25:23];[提前5:21];[來7:20];
17)遍(5)[路4:14];[路8:39];[路9:6];[徒9:42];[徒10:37];
18)對(5)[太10:35];[太10:35];[太10:35];[徒26:3];[提前5:19];
19)用(4)[羅2:7];[林前2:1];[弗3:3];[帖後2:3];
20)憑著(4)[羅4:1];[林後11:18];[提後4:1];[多1:1];
21)告(4)[可14:56];[可14:57];[路23:14];[徒25:27];
22)相(4)[太12:25];[太12:25];[太12:26];[雅5:9];
23)要照(4)[路2:24];[路22:22];[羅2:6];[林前3:8];
24)合乎(4)[徒24:14];[提前6:3];[提後2:8];[多1:1];
25)控告(4)[太26:59];[可14:55];[徒24:1];[羅11:2];
26)到(4)[太20:17];[路10:32];[徒8:1];[徒27:29];
27)在各(4)[徒14:23];[徒15:21];[徒20:23];[多1:5];
28)是(3)[徒15:11];[羅7:13];[林前7:6];
29)就⋯說(3)[腓3:5];[腓3:6];[腓3:6];
30)下(3)[太8:32];[可5:13];[路8:33];
31)出於(3)[徒3:17];[加1:11];[門1:14];
32)向(3)[徒8:26];[徒27:12];[徒27:12];
33)當(3)[徒13:27];[林後10:1];[加2:11];
34)沿著(3)[徒8:36];[徒27:5];[徒27:7];
35)依次(3)[約21:25];[徒15:36];[林前14:31];
36)要責備(3)[啓2:4];[啓2:14];[啓2:20];
37)依著(3)[林後7:9];[林後7:10];[林後7:11];
38)指著(3)[太26:63];[來6:13];[來6:16];
39)獨(3)[太14:13];[太14:23];[可4:34];
40)各(3)[可13:8];[路8:1];[路13:22];
41)帶著(2)[徒19:20];[林後11:21];
42)逢(2)[太27:15];[徒15:21];
43)約(2)[徒12:1];[徒16:25];
44)在⋯上(2)[路10:4];[徒26:13];
45)中間(2)[徒24:22];[弗1:15];
46)關於(2)[弗6:21];[腓1:12];
47)於(2)[西3:22];[門1:14];
48)攻擊(2)[徒16:22];[西2:14];
49)都(2)[太26:55];[徒17:22];
50)敵(2)[太12:30];[路11:23];
51)為著(2)[太19:3];[約2:6];
52)反對(2)[徒21:28];[林前4:6];
53)依照(2)[林後11:12];[加4:28];
54)干犯(2)[太12:32];[太12:32];
55)要按(2)[徒23:3];[腓3:21];
56)沿(2)[徒25:3];[徒27:2];
57)按⋯說(2)[羅9:3];[羅9:5];
58)就著(2)[羅11:28];[羅11:28];
59)中(2)[路10:31];[徒13:1];
60)要照著(2)[路2:27];[來8:5];
61)向著(2)[太5:23];[腓3:14];
62)為(1)[弗4:22];
63)乃是照(1)[弗4:7];
64)是照著(1)[弗4:24];
65)(用)(1)[加1:13];
66)當作(1)[林後8:8];
67)只好(1)[林前14:27];
68)論及(1)[林前15:15];
69)受(1)[林後1:8];
70)攔阻(1)[林後10:5];
71)顯於(1)[林後10:7];
72)禁止(1)[加5:23];
73)是反對(1)[加3:21];
74)前(1)[加3:1];
75)受了(1)[加2:2];
76)順從(1)[弗2:2];
77)像(1)[來8:9];
78)來控告(1)[彼後2:11];
79)要對(1)[猶1:15];
80)是與(1)[彼前2:11];
81)那(1)[雅2:17];
82)存著(1)[來11:13];
83)頂撞(1)[猶1:15];
84)在⋯前(1)[路2:31];
85)從⋯間(1)[林後8:2];
86)照著⋯的(1)[加3:29];
87)在⋯裏(1)[徒5:42];
88)到⋯那裏(1)[路10:33];
89)從各⋯裏(1)[路8:4];
90)藉著(1)[來11:7];
91)對其(1)[來9:5];
92)有關於(1)[西4:7];
93)遵行(1)[帖後3:6];
94)必照(1)[腓4:19];
95)為了(1)[腓4:11];
96)依從(1)[腓2:3];
97)就隨從(1)[提後4:3];
98)是按著(1)[多1:3];
99)把(1)[林前12:31];
100)就指著(1)[來6:13];
101)好像(1)[來3:3];
102)與(1)[來2:17];
103)只用(1)[弗6:6];
104)指控(1)[徒25:3];
105)辦(1)[約19:11];
106)靠近(1)[徒2:10];
107)先後(1)[約8:9];
108)遵著(1)[路23:56];
109)每逢(1)[路23:17];
110)蹧踐(1)[徒6:13];
111)各人(1)[徒8:3];
112)附近(1)[徒16:7];
113)待(1)[徒14:2];
114)是合(1)[徒13:22];
115)遍處(1)[徒9:31];
116)多(1)[路21:11];
117)也(1)[路17:30];
118)效法(1)[太23:3];
119)陷害(1)[太27:1];
120)就對(1)[太20:11];
121)對付(1)[太12:14];
122)毀謗(1)[太5:11];
123)具有(1)[可1:27];
124)害(1)[可3:6];
125)遇著(1)[路15:14];
126)時(1)[路9:18];
127)挨次(1)[可14:19];
128)的(1)[可9:2];
129)所(1)[徒17:17];
130)當中(1)[徒17:28];
131)正如(1)[羅4:18];
132)就按照(1)[羅5:6];
133)本乎(1)[羅4:16];
134)另(1)[徒28:16];
135)約當(1)[徒27:27];
136)順著(1)[羅8:27];
137)是從(1)[羅11:24];
138)原是(1)[林前7:6];
139)因著(1)[羅15:5];
140)應當(1)[羅14:22];
141)就按(1)[羅12:6];
142)也要(1)[徒27:25];
143)旁邊(1)[徒27:7];
144)就將(1)[徒21:19];
145)便(1)[徒23:19];
146)挨(1)[徒20:20];
147)過(1)[徒19:16];
148)關乎(1)[徒18:15];
149)普(1)[徒24:5];
150)要告(1)[徒25:2];
151)按照著(1)[徒26:5];
152)對質(1)[徒25:16];
153)將(1)[徒25:15];
154)將有關(1)[徒25:14];
155)蒙著(1)[林前11:4]