γάρ (γε, ἄρα),

causal Conj., used alone or with other Particles.

γάρ gar 1,041x

    for; it is, however, frequently used with an ellipsis of the clause to which it has reference, and its force must then be variously expressed: Mat 15:27; Mat 27:23, et al.; it is also sometimes epexegetic, or introductory of an intimated detail of circumstances, now, then, Mat 1:18

G1063 — γάρ

a conjunction, which according to its composition, γέ and ἄρα (equivalent to ἀρ), is properly a particle of affirmation and conclusion, denoting truly therefore, verily as the case stands, "the thing is first affirmed by the particle γέ, and then is referred to what precedes by the force of the particle ἄρα (Klotz ad Devar. ii. 1, p. 232; cf. Kühner, ii., p. 724; (Jelf, § 786; Winers Grammar, 445f (415f))). Now since by a new affirmation not infrequently the reason and nature of something previously mentioned are set forth, it comes to pass that, by the use of this particle, either the reason and cause of a foregoing statement is added, whence arises the causal or argumentative force of the particle, for (Latinnam,enim; German denn); or some previous declaration is explained, whence γάρ takes on an explicative force: for, the fact is, namely (Latinvidelicet, German nämlich). Thus the force of the particle is either conclusive, or demonstrative, or explicative and declaratory; cf. Rost in Passow's Lexicon, i., p. 535ff; Kühner, ii., pp. 724ff, 852ff; (cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word). The use of the particle in the N. T. does not differ from that in the classics.

I. Its primary and original Conclusive force is seen in questions (in Greek writings also in exclamations) and answers expressed with emotion; where, according to the connexion, it may be freely represented by assuredly, verily, forsooth, why, then, etc.: ἐν γάρ τούτῳ etc. ye profess not to know whence he is; herein then is assuredly a marvellous thing, why, herein etc. Joh 9:30; οὐ γάρ, ἀλλά etc. by no means in this state of things, nay verily, but etc. Act 16:37; certainly, if that is the case, 1Co 8:11 L T Tr WH. It is joined to interrogative particles and pronouns: μή γάρ etc. Joh 7:41 (do ye then suppose that the Christ comes out of Galilee? What, doth the Christ, etc.?); μή γάρ... οὐκ, 1Co 11:22 ("what! since ye are so eager to eat and drink, have ye not," etc.?); τίς γάρ, τί γάρ: Mat 27:23 (τί γάρ κακόν ἐποίησεν, ye demand that he be crucified like a malefactor, Why, what evil hath he done?); Mat 9:5 (your thoughts are evil; which then do ye suppose to be the easier, etc.?); Mat 16:26; Mat 23:17, Mat 23:19; Luk 9:25; Act 19:35; τί γάρ; for τί γάρ ἐστι, what then? i. e. what, under these circumstances, ought to be the conclusion? Phi 1:18 (cf. Ellicott at the passage); πῶς γάρ, Act 8:31; cf. Klotz, the passage cited, p. 245ff; Kühner, ii., p. 726; (Jelf, ii., p. 608); Winer's Grammar, 447 (416). Here belongs also the vexed passage Luk 18:14 ἤ γάρ ἐκεῖνος (so G T Tr marginal reading, but L WH Tr text παῥ ἐκεῖνον) or do ye suppose then that that man went down approved of God? cf. Winer's Grammar, 241 (226).

II. It adduces the Cause or gives the Reason of a preceding statement or opinion;

1. universally: Mat 2:5; Mat 6:24; Mar 1:22; Mar 9:6; Luk 1:15, Luk 1:18; Luk 21:4; Joh 2:25; Act 2:25; Rom 1:9, Rom 1:11; 1Co 11:5; Heb 2:8; 1Jo 2:19; Rev 1:3, and very often. In Joh 4:44 γάρ assigns the reason why now at length Jesus betook himself into Galilee; for the authority denied to a prophet in his own country (Galilee), he had previously to seek and obtain among strangers; cf. Joh 4:45; Meyer (yet see edition 6 (Weiss)) at the passage; Strauss, Leben Jesu, i. 725 edition 3; Neander, Leben Jesu, p. 385f edition 1 (American translation, pp. 100, 168); Ewald, Jahrbb. d. Biblical Wissensch. x., p. 108ff.

2. Often the sentences are connected in such a way that either some particular statement is established by a general proposition (`the particular by the universal'), as in Mat 7:8; Mat 13:12; Mat 22:14; Mar 4:22, Mar 4:25; Joh 3:20; 1Co 12:12; Heb 5:13, etc.; or what has been stated generally, is proved to be correctly stated by a particular instance (`the universal by the particular'): Mar 7:10; Luk 12:52, Luk 12:58; Rom 7:2; 1Co 1:26; 1Co 12:8.

3. To sentences in which something is commanded or forbidden, γάρ annexes the reason why the thing must either be done or avoided: Mat 1:20; Mat 2:20; Mat 3:9; Mat 7:2; Rom 13:11; Col 3:3; 1Th 4:3; Heb 2:2, and very often. In Phi 2:13 γάρ connects the verse with Phi 2:12 thus: work out your salvation with most intense earnestness, for nothing short of this accords with God's saving efficiency within your souls, to whom you owe both the good desire and the power to execute that desire.

4. To questions, γάρ annexes the reason why the question is asked: Mat 2:2 (we ask this with good reason, for we have seen the star which announces his birth); Mat 22:28; Rom 14:10; 1Co 14:9; Gal 1:10.

5. Frequently the statement which contains the cause is interrogative; τίς, τί γάρ: Luk 22:27; Rom 4:3; Rom 11:34; 1Co 2:16; 1Co 7:16; Heb 1:5; Heb 12:7; τί γάρ for τί γάρ ἐστι, Rom 3:3 (cf. Fritzsche at the passage; (Ellicott on Phi 1:18)); ἵνα τί γάρ, 1Co 10:29; ποίᾳ γάρ, Jam 4:14 (WH text omits; Tr brackets γάρ).

6. Sometimes in answers it is so used to make good the substance of a preceding question that it can be rendered yea, assuredly: 1Co 9:10; 1Th 2:20; cf. Kühner, ii., p. 724.

7. Sometimes it confirms, not a single statement, but the point of an entire discussion: Rom 2:25 (it is no advantage to a wicked Jew, for etc.). On the other hand, it may so confirm but a single thought as to involve the force of asseveration and be rendered assuredly, yea: Rom 15:27 (εὐδόκησαν γάρ); so also καί γάρ, Phi 2:27.

8. It is often said that the sentence of which γάρ introduces the cause, or renders the reason, is not expressed, but must be gathered from the context and supplied in thought. But that this ellipsis is wholly imaginary is clearly shown by Klotz ad Devar. ii. 1, p. 236f, cf. Winer's Grammar, 446f (415f). The particle is everywhere used in reference to something expressly stated. Suffice it to append a very few examples; the true nature of many others is shown under the remaining heads of this article: In Mat 5:12 before γάρ some supply 'nor does this happen to you alone'; but the reason is added why a great reward in heaven is reserved for those who suffer persecution, which reason consists in this, that the prophets also suffered persecution, and that their reward is great no one can doubt. In Rom 8:18 some have supplied 'do not shrink from this suffering with Christ'; but on the use of γάρ here, see III.

a. below. On Mar 7:28 (T Tr WH omit; L brackets γάρ), where before καί γάρ some supply 'but help me,' or 'yet we do not suffer even the dogs to perish with hunger,' see 10 b. below. In Act 9:11 before γάρ many supply 'he will listen to thee'; but it introduces the reason for the preceding command.

9. When in successive statements γάρ is repeated twice or thrice, or even four or five times, either a. one and the same thought is confirmed by as many arguments, each having its own force, as there are repetitions of the particle (Meyer denies the coordinate use of γάρ in the N. T., asserting that the first is argumentative, the second explicative, see his commentaries on the passage to follow, also on Rom 8:6): Mat 6:32; Rom 16:18f; or b. every succeeding statement contains the reason for its immediate predecessor, so that the statements are subordinate one to another: Mar 6:52; Mat 16:25-27; Joh 3:19; Joh 5:21; Act 2:15; Rom 4:13-15; Rom 8:2f, 5; 1Co 3:3; 1Co 9:15-17 (where five times in G L T Tr WH); 1Co 16:7; Jam 2:10, etc.; or c. it is repeated in a different sense: Mar 9:39-41; Rom 5:6f (where cf. Winer's Grammar, 453 (422)); Rom 10:2-5 (four times); Jam 4:14 (WH text omits; Tr brackets the first γάρ, L WH marginal reading omit the second).

10. καί γάρ (on which cf. Kühner, ii., p. 854f; Winer's Grammar, 448 (417); (Ellicott on 2Th 3:10)) is a. for, and truly (etenim,namque, (the simple rendering for is regarded as inexact by many; cf. Meyer on 2Co 13:4 and see Hartung, Partikeln, i. 137f; Krüger, § 69, 32, 21)): Mar 14:70; Luk 22:37 (L Tr brackets γάρ); 1Co 5:7; 1Co 11:9; 1Co 12:13.

b. for also, for even (nametiam): Mat 8:9; Mar 10:45; Luk 6:32; Joh 4:45; 1Co 12:14, etc. In Mar 7:28 καί γάρ (R G L brackets) τά κυνάρια etc. the woman, by adducing an example, confirms what Christ had said, but the example is of such a sort as also to prove that her request ought to be granted. τέ γάρ for indeed (German dennja): Rom 7:7; cf. Fritzsche at the passage; Winer's Grammar, 448 (417). ἰδού γάρ, see under ἰδού.

III. It serves to explain, make clear, illustrate, a preceding thought or word: for equivalent to that is, namely;

a. so that it begins an exposition of the thing just announced (cf. Winer's Grammar, 454f (423f)): Mat 1:18 (R G); ; Luk 11:30; Luk 18:32. In Rom 8:18 γάρ introduces a statement setting forth the nature of the συνδοξασθῆναι just mentioned.

b. so that the explanation is intercalated into the discourse, or even added by way of appendix: Mat 4:18; Mar 1:16; Mar 2:15; Mar 5:42; Rom 7:1; 1Co 16:5. In Mar 16:4 the information ἦν γάρ μέγας σφόδρα is added to throw light on all that has been previously said (in Mar 16:3f) about the stone.

IV. As respects position: γάρ never occupies the first place in a sentence, but the second, or third, or even the fourth (ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ γάρ υἱός, 2Co 1:19 — according to true text). Moreover, not the number but the nature of the word after which it stands is the point to be noticed, Hermann on Sophocles Phil. 1437.

γάρ ,

co-ordinating particle, contr . of γε ἄρα ,

verily then, hence, in truth, indeed, yea, then, why, and when giving a reason or explanation, for, the usage in NT being in general accord with that of cl .;

1. expli-cative and epexegetic: Mat 4:18; Mat 19:12, Mar 1:16; Mar 5:42; Mar 16:4, Luk 11:30, Rom 7:1 , 1Co 16:5, al.

2. Conclusive, in questions, answers and exclamations: Mat 9:5; Mat 27:23, Luk 9:25; Luk 22:27, Joh 9:30, Act 8:31; Act 16:37; Act 19:35, Rom 15:26 , 1Co 9:10, Php 1:18 (Ellie., in l ), 1Th 2:20, al.

3. Causal: Mat 1:21; Mat 2:2; Mat 2:5-6, Mar 1:22; Mar 9:6, Luk 1:15; Luk 1:18, Joh 2:25, Act 2:25, Rom 1:9-11, 1Co 11:5, Rev 1:3, al. ; giving the reason for a command or prohibition, Mat 2:20; Mat 3:9, Rom 13:11, Col 3:3, 1Th 4:3, al. ; where the cause is contained in an interrog. statement, Luk 22:27, Rom 3:3; Rom 4:3 , 1Co 10:29; καὶ γάρ , for also, Mar 10:45, Luk 6:32, 1Co 5:7, al. ; id . as in cl . = etenim, where the καὶ loses its connective force (El., § 78, 6; Kühner3 , ii, 854 f .), Mar 14:70, Luk 1:66; Luk 22:37, 2Co 13:4. The proper place of γάρ is after the first word in a clause, but in poets it often comes third or fourth, and so in late prose: 2Co 1:19. Yet "not the number but the nature of the word after which it stands is the point to be noticed" ( v. Thayer , s.v. ).

詞類次數：質詞 連詞（G1066（Γεδεών））

原文字根：確實地，

字義溯源：理由*，因為，因此，所以，故此，為此，原來，那麼，就是，就如，但，卻，本，為，固然。這字使用很多，主要有下列各意：

1）用來確定前面所說那些話之理由，原因，或立場：因為，所以，因此⋯2）表示解釋：就是，為此，本是，如今，⋯3）有時表示：確實，確是，必然，這樣，然後，⋯4）當作連詞：和，與，以及，而，⋯

出現次數：總共（1035）；太（124）；可（62）；路（100）；約（65）；徒（78）；羅（141）；林前（105）；林後（75）；加（36）；弗（11）；腓（13）；西（6）；帖前（23）；帖後（5）；提前（13）；提後（14）；多（6）；門（3）；來（91）；雅（16）；彼前（10）；彼後（15）；約壹（3）；約貳（1）；約叄（2）；猶（1）；啓（16）

譯字彙編：

1）因為（637）數量太多，不能盡錄；

2）原來（70）可5:28；可6:18；可16:4；路8:29；路10:42；約4:9；約7:5；徒4:22；徒17:28；徒19:24；羅1:19；羅2:13；羅2:28；羅5:16；羅6:5；羅7:8；羅8:14；羅8:19；羅8:24；羅10:5；羅11:34；羅12:4；羅14:7；羅14:18；羅15:4；羅16:19；林前3:3；林前4:15；林前9:17；林前11:8；林前11:19；林前12:13；林前14:2；林前15:21；林前15:41；林後1:20；林後5:14；林後10:4；林後12:14；加2:19；加3:10；加4:24；加5:6；加5:17；加6:7；弗2:10；弗5:9；腓1:8；腓2:21；帖前2:14；帖前3:9；帖前4:10；帖後3:10；提後3:6；來2:10；來3:16；來4:3；來7:1；來7:14；來7:26；來9:16；來13:11；雅2:11；雅3:2；雅4:14；彼後1:17；彼後2:20；約壹5:3；啓9:19；啓19:8；

3）因（70）太1:20；太1:21；太2:2；太4:18；太6:7；太9:21；太14:24；太18:10；太28:2；可1:22；可5:42；可6:48；可13:33；可15:14；路5:9；路7:8；路8:46；路8:52；路9:48；路23:41；約2:25；約4:42；約16:13；約21:7；徒2:15；徒7:33；徒10:46；徒18:18；徒22:22；徒28:27；羅3:2；羅3:9；羅4:9；羅5:15；羅5:17；羅7:7；羅8:38；羅9:15；羅10:12；羅11:15；羅11:24；羅14:6；羅14:10；羅15:27；林前3:17；林前4:15；林前6:16；林前10:29；林前16:11；林後11:9；加3:21；加4:25；加6:17；弗6:1；帖後3:2；帖後3:11；提後3:2；多3:12；來2:2；來2:16；來7:10；來7:13；來7:17；來13:18；彼前2:20；彼後1:11；約叄1:7；啓3:2；啓21:22；啓21:23；

4）其實（47）太6:32；太9:24；太10:19；太26:10；太26:12；可9:6；路3:8；路6:23；路6:44；路17:21；約5:22；約13:15；徒2:15；徒2:34；徒9:11；徒13:36；徒19:37；徒21:13；徒23:5；徒26:26；羅1:20；羅2:1；羅2:14；羅3:3；羅7:14；羅7:15；羅8:6；羅8:7；羅10:2；羅10:12；羅15:18；羅15:27；林前12:14；林前13:9；林後1:12；林後4:15；林後10:8；林後10:14；林後12:11；加3:27；腓2:27；來3:3；來11:2；來12:10；雅3:7；雅4:14；彼後3:5；

5）原（23）約6:6；約8:42；約13:11；徒27:34；徒28:20；羅1:9；羅3:22；羅8:15；羅13:3；林前1:17；林前9:16；林前15:9；林後1:8；林後4:5；林後5:1；林後11:2；帖前2:1；帖前4:2；帖後3:7；來2:5；來12:18；啓14:4；啓21:25；

6）為此（17）太13:17；路18:32；路22:16；路22:37；約5:46；徒20:16；徒28:2；羅1:16；羅12:3；羅14:5；羅14:15；林前4:7；林前4:9；林後12:20；加1:11；帖前4:15；門1:7；

7）因此（13）太5:18；太5:20；太23:39；太24:26；羅2:12；羅5:19；羅11:25；羅15:8；林前1:26；林前8:11；林前10:1；林後7:11；來8:5；

8）所以（13）太23:5；可9:41；路10:24；路23:15；約3:34；約13:29；羅3:28；羅6:14；羅10:11；羅10:13；羅11:30；林前10:5；來8:8；

9）然而（12）太3:9；太17:20；太23:17；太23:19；太25:3；太27:23；約19:6；羅13:4；林前16:7；腓1:18；腓3:20；西3:25；

10）由於（11）太14:3；可6:14；可9:6；可16:8；約3:16；約3:19；約3:20；約5:20；徒19:32；林前11:9；林前16:18；

11）原是（6）路19:21；徒13:8；徒26:16；羅4:3；來7:19；彼前2:21；

12）故此（6）路12:52；路14:14；路14:24；路22:18；徒9:16；羅7:19；

13）那時（6）路9:14；約3:24；約4:8；約7:39；徒4:34；徒18:28；

14）至於（5）約7:41；羅5:7；林後9:1；帖前2:19；彼後1:9；

15）就如（5）羅6:19；林前1:19；林前3:19；林前9:9；來6:7；

16）就（5）太3:3；太24:38；林前3:4；林前9:16；彼前4:6；

17）以致（4）太17:15；羅1:26；羅9:3；來7:11；

18）固然（4）太18:7；林前5:3；林後13:4；來12:17；

19）只是（3）約7:1；徒8:39；來11:5；

20）雖然（3）可14:56；林後13:4；來7:21；

21）誠然（3）羅6:10；羅15:24；來5:13；

22）若（2）太5:46；來11:32；

23）這樣（2）徒8:31；羅2:24；

24）那麼（2）羅2:25；加1:10；

25）雖（2）林前4:4；林前9:19；

26）確（2）羅8:3；林後2:9；

27）即使（2）林後12:6；林後13:9；

28）自然（2）來9:17；來10:36；

29）乃（2）太28:6；路20:36；

30）及至（1）雅1:24；

31）反倒（1）林前2:14；

32）分明（1）林前9:10；

33）當（1）羅9:11；

34）每當（1）雅1:11；

35）之故（1）羅14:9；

36）即是：（1）羅13:9；

37）誠（1）雅2:26；

38）乃是（1）羅10:4；

39）緣故（1）羅13:6；

40）切實（1）來12:3；

41）卻（1）彼前4:15；

42）就當（1）林後3:11；

43）諒必（1）加1:13；

44）當⋯時（1）來6:13；

45）那就（1）腓1:23；

46）本（1）啓16:14；

47）正是（1）提前4:10；

48）既然（1）來7:12；

49）全都（1）林後11:20；

50）因是（1）來9:2；

51）論到（1）來6:4；

52）這原（1）林後8:13；

53）無疑的（1）來7:18；

54）可是（1）林後11:5；

55）可以（1）林前11:22；

56）果（1）徒4:27；

57）卻又（1）可11:18；

58）於是（1）可9:31；

59）因著（1）可12:12；

60）我要（1）路2:10；

61）縱使（1）路9:25；

62）總（1）路5:39；

63）還能（1）可8:37；

64）那有（1）可8:36；

65）但是（1）太15:27；

66）一樣（1）太9:5；

67）甚至（1）太23:13；

68）又（1）太25:14；

69）先是（1）可6:17；

70）然（1）路13:9；

71）為要（1）路19:10；

72）難道（1）徒19:35；

73）絕對（1）徒16:37；

74）有如（1）徒24:5；

75）因有（1）徒27:23；

76）才是（1）羅4:14；

77）倘（1）羅4:2；

78）關於（1）徒15:21；

79）又因（1）約19:31；

80）究竟（1）路23:22；

81）從此（1）路20:40；

82）見（1）約4:37；

83）本是（1）約6:71；

84）本來（1）約13:13；

85）乃是對（1）羅7:1